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Human physiology is the scientific exploration of the various functions (physical, biochemical, and mechanical properties) of the human body, its organs, and its component cells. The endocrine and nervous systems play an important role in maintaining homeostasis in the human body. This book focuses on stroke-induced muscle atrophy, lung disease, and myocardial glycation, dealing respectively with their mechanisms, altered immune responses, and effects on epithelial cell physiology. Gut bacteria form a complex ecosystem through metabolite exchange with the host and are deeply involved in the pathogenesis of diseases (obesity, diabetes, cancer). The book also discusses research trends in gut bacteria and how to diagnose patients with amyloidosis. It will be of interest to professionals involved in clinical practice, as well as to medical and healthcare students and even researchers involved in human physiology.
This book focuses on the three most important aspects of ageing research: nutrition, physical exercise and epigenetics. The contributors discuss ways that age-related epigenetic imprints such as DNA methylation and histone acetylation are modified by these two interventions. The emphasis on epigenetics helps to illuminate the underlying mechanisms of anti-ageing interventions, as ageing and disease are predominately epigenetic phenomena. Among the highlights are chapter-length discussion of such topics as: how anti-inflammatory action of calorie restriction underlies the retardation of ageing and age-related diseases (Chapter 3); epigenetic modification of gene expression by exercise (Chapter 5); the role of functional foods and their bioactive components in bone health (Chapter 8); and an account of the first decade of a study of calorie restriction in nonhuman primates, conducted by the National Institute on Ageing.
Malnutrition is the specific condition produced by the intake of too few macronutrients, too many macronutrients (obesity), or inordinate amounts of inappropriate substances such as alcohol. Globally, malnutrition is a major nutritional disorder, especially in developing economies. Poor dietary habits and imbalanced nutrient intake result in adverse consequences on normal body functionality. This book highlights the major causes of malnutrition and how to overcome this problem. Chapters address such topics as energy metabolism and balance, diagnosis of malnutrition, negative effects of malnutrition, sugar and its impact on health, malnutrition in the elderly and children, and much more.
Sarcopenia: Molecular Mechanism and Treatment Strategies provides answers and guidance on a disease that has serious health consequences in terms of fractures, frailty, disability and diminished quality of life. Written by experts around the world, this book is for all those that care for aging populations. As the global population ages, sarcopenia remains a therapeutic challenge and major public health concern. Difficulties in defining sarcopenia as a clinical phenotype remain and have hindered treatment. - Covers physical, dietary and pharmacological strategies to maintain adequate muscle mass to ensure healthy aging - Provides a complete and up-to-date reference on molecular mechanisms of sarcopenia - Presents a clear definition of sarcopenia, along with the latest research in one volume
A healthy skeletal musculature is necessary for a good quality of life and is important in sports. The loss of skeletal muscle mass leads to severe clinical complications and alters daily functioning. The aim of this book is to give an overview of skeletal muscle atrophy including pathomechanism, clinical characters, and the tools for prevention and treatment. Skeletal muscle atrophy can develop due to neurogenic or myogenic reasons, and frequently appears as an age-dependent disorder (sarcopenia). The studies of theoretical background give promising perspectives to prevent and treat muscle atrophy. The book is recommended to scientists, practitioners, students, sportsmen, and everybody who is interested in the normal and impaired function of the skeletal muscle.
Loss of muscle mass and increased fibrosis characterize both sarcopenia of aging and muscular dystrophy. Research is increasingly showing that these two conditions also share several pathophysiological mechanisms, including mitochondrial dysfunction, increased apoptosis, abnormal modulation of autophagy, decline in satellite cells, increased generation of reactive oxygen species, and abnormal regulation of signaling and stress response pathways. This Research Topic will cover several mechanisms involved in aging and dystrophic sarcopenia and explore the therapeutic potential of various strategies for intervention.
The book presents a qualitative and quantitative approach to understanding, managing, and enforcing the integration of homeostasis in the human body. Homeostasis in the human body is very crucial, as it provides the basics of the normal functioning of the human body. Utilizing a sound theoretical and practical foundation and illustrating procedural techniques through scientific examples, this book bridges the gap between the need for understanding, utilizing, and going for detailed research in this aspect. Detailed procedures have been omitted because of the variety of equipment and commercial kits used in today’s clinical laboratories.
This book, Physical Disabilities - Therapeutic Implications, presents reports on a wide range of areas in the field of neurobiological disabilities, including movement disorders (Uner Tan syndrome, genetic and environmental influences, chronic brain damage, stroke, and pediatric disabilities) related to physical and stem cell therapy. Studies are presented from researchers around the world, looking at aspects as wide-ranging as the genetics, wheelchair, and robotics behind the conditions to new and innovative therapeutic approaches.
Skeletal muscle represents the largest organ of the human body and comprises about 40% of total body mass in humans. Even in people who ‘age well’, there is a noticeable loss of muscle strength and function that accelerates dramatically after the age of 60, a major factor in the reduction in life quality for the aging population. One of the most effective interventions to maintain muscle mass and function is through exercise. Skeletal muscle generates reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen (ROS/RNS) species in response to muscle contractions. The concentration and species of ROS/RNS generated can depend on the age and fitness of the individual, muscle fibre type and the intensity of the m...
This book highlights recent advances in our understanding of sarcopenia and frailty in CKD. The prevalence of sarcopenia and frailty increases substantially as CKD progresses, and experimental studies have demonstrated the pivotal role of accumulated uremic toxin in the development of muscle wasting. Further, sarcopenia and frailty are associated with falls, bone fractures, cognitive impairment, and poor survival prognoses, especially in elderly CKD patients. The syndromes are also related to the risk of end-stage kidney disease. This book provides readers with a deeper understanding of the prevention and management of sarcopenia and frailty in CKD patients to improve their renal and overall health, and suggests directions for future basic and clinical research.