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The report describes methods for quickly estimating the normal force and center of pressure of blunt free-fall shapes of l/d = 0.5 to 10 over a Mach number range of 0.4 to 2.5 and up to alpha = 90 degrees. Charts and equations presented in the report are from cited reference material and original sources. Methods based on slender-body theory tested on blunt shapes and modifying factors were developed where needed.
The report is the first in a two-part series of technical reports on the dynamics and aerodynamics of free-fall stores using freely spinning stabilizers. Presented are the results of recent wind-tunnel measurements of the normal force, pitching moment and Magnus force and moment on the M823 Research Store in transonic flow. Comparisons are made between configurations equipped with fixed and freely spinning stabilizers, with regard to sign and relative magnitude of the Magnus force and moment. A method is presented and applied whereby the Magnus force and moment are corrected for flow angularity.
The report presents the results of ballistics range and wind-tunnel measurements of the static force and moment and the pitch-damping, roll-damping and Magnus moments for a General Purpose 20-Millimeter Projectile. Data are presented for a Smooth and Basic configuration. These aerodynamic data are used in a special digital computer program to rapidly assess the stability of the projectiles over various mission profiles. The normal-force and pitching-moment derivatives are evaluated, theoretically, by Wood's method and compared with the measurements.
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A refined Karman-Pohlhausen method previously generalized by Zien to include the effects of mass transfer is further explored and its application is extended to cases involving both pressure gradients and surface mass transfer. The case with piece-wise suction (or blowing) is also included. The study is restricted to plane, incompressible, laminar boundary layers. Configurations of flat plates and circular cylinders are chosen to illustrate the application of the method. Results are given mainly in terms of skin frictions, and they are presented entirely in closed forms. The calculations for the porous plate case are carried out using rather elaborate velocity profiles, but the results differ negligibly from previous ones with very simple profiles. A linear velocity profile is then used to carry out some exploratory calculations for more complex flows. The method is shown to be a potentially efficient tool for handling the problem of boundary-layer control by means of surface mass transfer. (Author).