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What Determines Social Behavior? Investigating the Role of Emotions, Self-Centered Motives, and Social Norms
Human behavior and decision making is subject to social and motivational influences such as emotions, norms and self/other regarding preferences. The identification of the neural and psychological mechanisms underlying these factors is a central issue in psychology, behavioral economics and social neuroscience, with important clinical, social, and even political implications. However, despite a continuously growing interest from the scientific community, the processes underlying these factors, as well as their ontogenetic and phylogenetic development, have so far remained elusive. In this Research Topic we collect articles that provide challenging insights and stimulate a fruitful controvers...
Placebo and Pain
Placebo responses are highly variable across individuals. Explaining this variability is one of the keys to understanding endogenous regulatory processes, and is critical for measuring and controlling placebo effects in all kinds of studies. In this chapter, we review literature on the personality and brain correlates of individual differences in placebo analgesia. An emerging brain literature has used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), opioid binding, dopamine binding, and structural brain imaging to predict the magnitude of individual placebo responses. Brain predictors in prefrontal cortices and ventral striatum/nucleus accumbens are relatively consistent across studies and met...
Il cervello felice
Il cervello è il nostro strumento più utile e potente, comparso da circa 300 milioni di anni. È il motore delle nostre scelte, delle nostre emozioni, delle nostre relazioni, in breve, della nostra vita. Ma conoscere l’organo che ci rende così unici non è semplice. Per questo l’autrice mette a disposizione le più recenti scoperte delle neuroscienze, generalmente non di immediata comprensione, per rispondere a domande come: • Come e perché il cervello si innamora? • Come gestisce le ferite dell’amore? • Quali sono i segreti dei sogni e delle intuizioni? • Cosa sono i bias cognitivi e come distorcono la realtà? • Come il nostro intestino influenza il nostro cervello, e viceversa? • Perché lo stress può essere utile? Inoltre, con la giovane illustratrice Lucie Albrecht, l’autrice ha creato un fumetto (di trentadue pagine) per raccontare la storia del cervello e delle neuroscienze. Insomma, tutto quello che bisogna sapere per farlo funzionare bene!
Psychotherapy in Pain Management
Within the current opiate crisis, this book provides a timely, comprehensive guide for psychological treatment with chronic pain patients. It is written for academic and practicing psychological professionals, in addition to graduate students, neuroscientists, and neuropsychologists. It provides an explanation of neurophysiological pain processing based the Dimensional Systems Model (DSM), a theory of higher cortical functions. Novel views on the roles of the basal ganglia, cerebellum, and cingulate cortex are presented here, while the applied Clinical Biopsychological Model (CBM) is used to explain psychological treatment with chronic pain patients. Three new areas of treatment focus are discussed in this book, including specific approaches to deal with influential negative emotional memories, interpersonal relationship stressors, and loss-related depression, all of which have been shown to influence chronic pain disorders. Detailed information on how to do assessment, conceptualization, and treatment is also provided. In total, the book offers a unique viewpoint unavailable in any other source.
Perspective Taking: building a neurocognitive framework for integrating the “social” and the “spatial”
Background: Interacting with other people involves spatial awareness of one’s own body and the other’s body and viewpoint. In the past, social cognition has focused largely on belief reasoning, which is abstracted away from spatial and bodily representations, while there is a strong tradition of work on spatial and object representation which does not consider social interactions. These two domains have flourished independently. A small but growing body of research examines how awareness of space and body relates to the ability to interpret and interact with others. This also builds on the growing awareness that many cognitive processes are embodied, which could be of relevance for the i...
How God Works
Drawing on a wealth of new evidence, pioneering research psychologist David DeSteno shows why religious practices and rituals are so beneficial to those who follow them—and to anyone, regardless of their faith (or lack thereof). Scientists are beginning to discover what believers have known for a long time: the rewards that a religious life can provide. For millennia, people have turned to priests, rabbis, imams, shamans, and others to help them deal with issues of grief and loss, birth and death, morality and meaning. In this absorbing work, DeSteno reveals how numerous religious practices from around the world improve emotional and physical well-being. With empathy and rigor, DeSteno chr...
Philosophy, Expertise, and the Myth of Neutrality
This volume offers a new framework for understanding expertise. It proposes a reconceptualization of the traditional notion of expertise and calls for the development of a new contextual and action-oriented notion of expertise, which is attentive to axiological values, intellectual virtues, and moral qualities. Experts are usually called upon, especially during times of emergency, either as decision-makers or as advisors in formulating policies that often have a significant impact on society. And yet, for certain types of choices, there is a growing tension between experts’ recommendations and alternative views. The chapters in this volume critically assess the idea of whether possessing e...
Trialectic
"Emerging neuroscientific insights are changing our understanding of what it means to be human. The resulting reconceptualization continues to impact law and the fit between law and morality. This book takes account of those developments and suggests that normative theory, particularly in its non-instrumental iterations, will be challenged, most profoundly. If we are, as the science suggests, nothing more than the coincidence of mechanical forces, then law and normative theory that depend on the immaterial and that would draw distinctions between the "mental" or "emotional" and the more manifestly physical are misguided, so misguided that they would actually undermine human thriving. Indeed, they already do. The ramifications of that conclusion are profound. Trialectic posits and investigates the impact of those ramifications on law"--
Suggestible You
Could the secrets to personal health lie within our own brains? Journalist Erik Vance explores the surprising ways our expectations and beliefs influence our bodily responses to pain, disease and everyday events. Drawing on centuries of research and interviews with leading experts in the field, Vance takes us on a Catemaco, Mexico. Vance's first-hand dispatches will change the way you think and feel.
Placebo and Pain
The placebo effect continues to fascinate scientists, scholars, and clinicians, resulting in an impressive amount of research, mainly in the field of pain. While recent experimental and clinical studies have unraveled salient aspects of the neurobiological substrates and clinical relevance of pain and placebo analgesia, an authoritative source remained lacking until now. By presenting and integrating a broad range of research, Placebo and Pain enhances readers' knowledge about placebo and nocebo effects, reexamines the methodology of clinical trials, and improves the therapeutic approaches for patients suffering from pain. Review for Placebo and Pain:"This ambitious book is the first compreh...
