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With The Growing Pace Of Urbani¬Zation And The Continuing Accent On Democratic Decentralisation, The Local Authorities Have Assumed Their Impor¬Tance And They Can Be Assigned A Useful And Effective Role In Implemen¬Ting Local Development Programmes. But Finance Is The Key Determining Factor And This Is What The Author Has Sought To Study About. The Author Has Examined Some Very Controversial Issues Relating To Devolution Of Resour¬Ces In Depth. The General Apathy Of The Higher Level Of Governments In Giving Grants And Loans To The Lower Level Of Governments Has Also Been Verified. The Author Contends That The Rate Of Growth Of Economic Develop¬Ment Can Be Accelerated If Local Governments Are Associated With The Planning Process And Has Suggested The Ways In Which Federal Fiscal Devo¬Lution Can Help To Achieve The Broader Economic And Social Objectives. Credit Goes To The Author In Examining Urban Local Finance Rather Neglected In The Study Of Government Finances Which Now Seeks To Concentrate On The Finances Of Union And State Govern¬Ments Only.
With collaboration between ten scientists from around the world, Sustainable Futures offers an approach to sustainable development issues in developing countries. It focuses on educating the next generation of young people about environmental. issues, with water and forest management as major themes. Detailed case studies from Thailand, China, India, Mexico, Chile, Argentina, Georgia and Portugal. reveal the endeavours of local. communities seeking to bring about a better way of life. Sustainable Futures covers cross-cultural understanding, environmental issues and sustainable lifestyles, and is a resource for teachers and students seeking to expand their knowledge of these areas. [Back cover, ed].
Political parties are central to India political life. Their role in political mobilization, governance, the formulation and implementation of economic and social policy, ethnic conflict, separatist movements, and the working of democracy has long been the focus of analysis. Their centrality arises from the fact that they are the key link between individual and state, and state and society as staed earlier. Political parties provide the crucial connection between social process and policy makers, and influence debates and policies on issues affecting the interests of various social groups in the political system. As more and more people participated in the democratic process, competitive politics and the party system have undergone a major change over the past two decades. The Congress and the ruling BJP led National Democratic Alliance face dissension at all levels extending from differences between the BJP and organizations it is affiliated with, such as the Rashtriya Swayam Sevak Sangh (RSS) and the Vishwa Hindu Parishad (VHP), and between the party and its coalition partners.
Political parties are considered by many as intermediate organizations between the citizen and the state. They are regarded as having an important place in a democracy, carrying the weight of expectations and aspirations upwards from citizen to state. Similarly they also take the responsibility of formulating the public policy for the betterment of their citizens downwards, from state to citizen. This in the words of political science is known as interest articulation and interest aggregation1. In this process, they perform multiple functions and develop multiple personalities as one can notice.
Study with special reference to Dindigul District of Tamil Nadu, India.
Study of municipal government, chiefly in Bhubaneswar, Orissa.