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Systematic Observation: Engaging Researchers in the Study of Daily Life as It Is Lived
Assessment in natural contexts through observation is unquestionably complex. Systematic observation grounded in observational methodology offers a wide range of possibilities to the rigorous study of everyday behavior in their natural context. These possibilities have been enriched in recent decades with the explosion of information and communication technologies. In this eBook we assemble 23 articles from several researchers who have made important contributions to this evolving field. The articles included in this eBook has been organized with a first part on general methodological developments and a second part with methodological contributions that emphasize different application areas. Considering the enormous possibilities of the systematic observation in the study of daily life, we hope this eBook will be useful to understand innovative applications in different fields.
Mixed Methods Research in the Movement Sciences
Mixed methods research techniques, combining both quantitative and qualitative elements, have become well established throughout the social, behavioural and natural sciences. This is the first book to focus on the application of mixed methods research in the movement sciences, specifically in sport, physical education and dance. Researchers and practitioners in each of these fields are concerned with the study of habitual behaviour in naturalistic contexts, and of the concurrent and sequential nature of events and states, precisely the kind of work that multi-method research design can help illuminate. The book is arranged into four sections. The first provides a thorough overview of mixed m...
Behavior and Self-Similarity between Nano and Human Scales: From T-pattern and T-string Analysis (TPA) with THEME to T-Societies
This project was inspired in the sixties by primatologist D. Morris’s “The Naked Ape”, Niko Tinbergen, K. Lorenz, and K. von Frisch ethological research rewarded in 1973 by a shared Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology and E. O. Wilson’s 1975 opus “Sociobiology”. Other important inspirations were B. F. Skinner’s work on probabilistic real-time contingencies, N. Chomsky’s on syntactic structure and creativity, H. Montagner’s on interactions in social insects and children, S. Duncan’s on turn-taking in human dyadic interactions, and Richard Dawkins’ on behavioral hierarchy and detection algorithms. Structured animal mass-societies (>104 individuals) are only found in insects and modern humans and understanding their similarities and differences became a major aim through a search for hidden interaction patterns. Existing multivariate and artificial neural network methods and models lacked adequate description and detection of complex real-time patterns requiring new mathematical time structure (1-D) models, now the T-system, with detection algorithms and software (THEME™).
Observing Interaction
Mothers and infants exchanging gleeful vocalizations, married couples discussing their problems, children playing, birds courting and monkeys fighting have this in common: their interactions with others unfold over time. Almost anyone who is interested can observe and describe such phenomena. But usually scientists demand more. They want observations that are replicable and amenable to scientific analysis, while still faithful to the dynamics of the phenomena studied. This book provides a straightforward introduction to scientific methods for observing social behavior. Because of the importance of time in the dynamics of social interaction, sequential approaches to analyzing and understanding social behavior are emphasized. An advanced knowledge of statistical analysis is not required. Instead, the authors present fundamental concepts and offer practical advice.
From Communication to Presence
Communication is the core activity for an educator, conveying and sharing information from one person to another, from one organization to another. This work includes contributions which encompass a series of topics in communication psychology.
Substance abuse treatment. Generalities and specificities.
BASIC ASPECTS AND RESEARCH 1. Is addiction a chronic relapsing disease? 2. In it for the long haul: recovery capital, addiction theory and the inter-generational transmission of addictive behaviour 3. Self-Medication and addictions 4. Promoting Best Practice in the drug addiction fi eld: the EMCDDA experience 5. Chronobiology and addiction: implications for treatment and prevention SEX DIFFERENCES 6. Biological bases of sex diff erences in drug addiction 7. Female polydrug abuse and psychopathology - Gender diff erences: an overview 8. The impact of motherhood on recovery - Lessons we can learn from the treatment journeys of mothers with problematic substance misuse issues THERAPEUTIC COMMUN...
