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This dissertation analyses developments in the international regulation of foreign direct investment (FDI). The international legal framework of investment encompasses numerous binding or non-binding legal instruments, including customary international law, bilateral investment treaties, and international organizations' decisions and resolutions. The rules established by the international legal framework become effective and significant when they are able to be adapted by appropriate and compatible domestic law frameworks. Through analyzing the Turkish foreign investment regulations and policies, this study concludes that there is a successful and complex interaction between international ru...
This book maps, describes and further explores all contemporary forms of interaction between radio and its public, with a specific focus on those forms of content co-creation that link producers and listeners. Each essay will analyze one or more case studies, piecing together a map of emerging co-creation practices in contemporary radio. Contributors describe the rise of a new class of radio listeners: the networked ones. Networked audiences are made up of listeners that are not only able to produce written and audio content for radio and co-create along with the radio producers (even definitively bypassing the central hub of the radio station, by making podcasts), but that also produce soci...
This report examines how regulatory reforms could help Portugal build a more enabling and competitive environment for investment, in particular foreign direct investment (FDI).
Are foreign investors the privileged citizens of a new constitutional order that guarantees rates of return on investment interests? Schneiderman explores the linkages between a new investment rules regime and state constitutions – between a constitution-like regime for the protection of foreign investment and the constitutional projects of national states. The investment rules regime, as in classical accounts of constitutionalism, considers democratically authorized state action as inherently suspect. Despite the myriad purposes served by constitutionalism, the investment rules regime aims solely to enforce limits, both inside and outside of national constitutional systems, beyond which citizen-driven politics will be disabled. Drawing on contemporary and historical case studies, the author argues that any transnational regime should encourage innovation, experimentation, and the capacity to imagine alternative futures for managing the relationship between politics and markets. These objectives have been best accomplished via democratic institutions operating at national, sub-national, and local levels.
Why has Portugal's vibrant and creative cinema industry not been more commercially successful?
This book explores how academia seeks to systematize the changes taking place in radio in its adaptation to the digital era. The individual chapters here investigate the most important issues currently under study by researchers in the medium of radio, tackling such key questions as the future of the radio spectrum, the new commercial radio business models, the function of community radio stations, and the development of university radio stations, amongst others. As such, this volume is integral to an understanding of the compound dimensions of the sound and radio media research currently being carried out in countries as varied as the United Kingdom, Spain, Poland, Finland, Portugal, Brazil and Argentina.
This book explores how the origins of Brazil’s modern borders can be traced to the cartography of the Americas produced by the eighteenth-century French cartographer J.B.B. d’Anville. It argues that this map reflects the geopolitical policies of the Portuguese diplomat D. Luis da Cunha, who was involved in Portugal’s negotiations with the Spanish to formally establish Brazil’s frontiers, and highlights how and why these policies were adopted in the Treaty of Madrid in 1750.
A presente coletânea de textos pretende identificar quais são os fatores preponderantes nas pesquisas sobre Cinema e suas intersecções com o audiovisual. Vem crescendo o número de propostas de pesquisa e de estudos que pensam a questão das diferenças, como contraponto ao conceito mais comum de diversidade. Os direitos iguais aos que são diferentes está na base do conceito de feminismo, da forma como foi pensado originalmente na França pela ensaísta e dramaturga Olympe de Gouges. E, na atualidade, a sociedade democrática neoliberal alude quase sempre ao conceito de diversidade que inclui as minorias invariavelmente para neutralizar as diferenças. De certa forma, o padrão de uma ...
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The University of Minho (UMinho) defined some years ago a comprehensive and integrative research policy in order to actively contribute to pushing the frontiers of human knowledge, to the reinforcement of the national scientific system, and to the consolidation of its institutional position both in national and international arenas. Thus, the commitment to become a research university is stated in the different strategic documents approved by the University along the last decade. UMinho defined a clear strategy in order to be an open and permanent space for the creation of knowledge and the furtherance of nationally and internationally relevant innovation across the different areas of knowle...