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Été 2003. La canicule étouffe l’Europe. Dans les Alpes suisses, la chaleur fait fondre les glaciers et ouvre un chemin jusqu’au col du Schnidejoch. Après trois jours de marche, une randonneuse qui tentait l’ascension découvre un objet étrange d’environ 40 centimètres de long qu’elle ne parvient pas à identifier. Intriguée, elle l’emporte et décide de le faire examiner par une archéologue du musée d’Histoire de Berne. Cette dernière se rend compte qu’il s’agit d’un objet rare et ancien : un morceau de carquois resté enfermé près de 5 000 ans dans la glace ! C’est donc un témoignage direct d’une période de la Préhistoire qui a bouleversé l’humanité et provoqué une rupture dans l’histoire des hommes : la révolution néolithique. Parviendra-t-on à retrouver le corps momifié du propriétaire du carquois, surnommé Schnidi ? Qui étaient les hommes du Néolithique ? Nous ressemblaient-ils plus que nous le pensons ?
Written by experts, this book presents the latest knowledge and chemical prospects in developing hydrogen as a solar fuel.
This comprehensive book systematically covers the fundamentals in solar energy conversion to chemicals, either fuels or chemical products. It includes natural photosynthesis with emphasis on artificial processes for solar energy conversion and utilization. The chemical processes of solar energy conversion via homogeneous and/or heterogeneous photocatalysis has been described with the mechanistic insights. It also consists of reaction systems toward a variety of applications, such as water splitting for hydrogen or oxygen evolution, photocatalytic CO2 reduction to fuels, and light driven N2 fixation, etc. This unique book offers the readers a broad view of solar energy utilization based on chemical processes and their perspectives for future sustainability.
The nature of interaction between matter and electromagnetic radiation can be understood with the technique of spectroscopy. It is an exploratory tool used in the fields of astronomy, physics and chemistry to study the composition, electronic structure and physical structure of matter at the atomic and molecular scales, even over astronomical distances. Spectroscopy can be studied with variations in the type of radiative energy used to interact with matter, the nature of the interaction and the type of material used. Depending on these interactions, spectroscopy can be of different types, such as microwave spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, electron spectroscopy, absorption spectroscopy, e...
This book outlines many of the techniques involved in materials development and characterization for photoelectrochemical (PEC) – for example, proper metrics for describing material performance, how to assemble testing cells and prepare materials for assessment of their properties, and how to perform the experimental measurements needed to achieve reliable results towards better scientific understanding. For each technique, proper procedure, benefits, limitations, and data interpretation are discussed. Consolidating this information in a short, accessible, and easy to read reference guide will allow researchers to more rapidly immerse themselves into PEC research and also better compare th...
Written by chemists for chemists, this is a comprehensive guide to the important radionuclides as well as techniques for their separation and analysis. It introduces readers to the important laboratory techniques and methodologies in the field, providing practical instructions on how to handle nuclear waste and radioactivity in the environment.
Prevention is an attempt to look into the future and have a positive influence on it – therefore it is one of the most important aspects in the area of collection care, the central, current field of applied research in conservation and restoration. With sustainability damage and loss are avoided, dangers averted and research conducted. Collection care is only successful, if the theory is appropriately implemented in museum practice.
New micro and nanopatterning technologies have been developed in the last years as less costly and more flexible alternatives to phtolithograpic processing. These technologies have not only impacted on recent developments in microelectronics, but also in emerging fields such as disposable biosensors, scaffolds for tissue engineering, non-biofouling coatings, high adherence devices, or photonic structures for the visible spectrum. This handbook presents the current processing methods suitable for the fabrication of micro- and nanostructured surfaces made out of polymeric materials. It covers the steps and materials involved, the resulting structures, and is rounded off by a part on applications. As a result, chemists, material scientists, and physicists gain a critical understanding of this topic at an early stage of its development.
"Flow Chemistry fills the gap in graduate education by covering chemistry and reaction principles along with current practice, including examples of relevant commercial reaction, separation, automation, and analytical equipment. The Editors of Flow Chemistry are commended for having taken the initiative to bring together experts from the field to provide a comprehensive treatment of fundamental and practical considerations underlying flow chemistry. It promises to become a useful study text and as well as reference for the graduate students and practitioners of flow chemistry." Professor Klavs Jensen Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA Broader theoretical insight in driving a chemical reaction automatically opens the window towards new technologies particularly to flow chemistry. This emerging concept promotes the transformation of present day's organic processes into a more rapid continuous set of synthesis operations, more compatible with the envisioned sustainable world. These two volumes Fundamentals and Applications provide both the theoretical foundation as well as the practical aspects.