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Economic Growth in Middle-Income Countries
This book develops a theoretical framework unlike the conventional neoclassical paradigm for the analysis of growth and deploys analytical data to understand the main policy issues affecting developing countries, with particular attention to countries which, after having a spurt of growth, have been unable to maintain the momentum of their economies. One of the guiding ideas of the book is that each one of these countries has its own middle-income trap. The book focuses the discussion on growth and development around the specific characteristics of these countries and the constraints they face to achieve rapid growth. The book offers the building blocks for an integrated approach to developm...
Solving the Riddle of Globalization and Development
In the past two decades many developing countries have embraced the challenge of globalization by rushing to dismantle trade barriers and to promote increasingly liberal market-oriented policies. However, a broader response to globalization is both necessary and possible if countries are to develop as quickly and as fully as possible. Exploring this complex interrelationship between globalization, liberalization, and human and social development, this innovative book undertakes a full analysis of development policy, strategy and practice in a variety of countries, with equal weight provided to Asia, Latin America and Africa. An internationally renowned team of contributors examines the compl...
Foreign Direct Investment in Latin America
Foreign direct investment has quadrupled over the past decade in Latin America, which today is one of the world's major investment magnets. Yet the question of which foreign investment policies maximize these inflows remains unanswered. Even though the shift to market-oriented economies has liberalized investment policies throughout Latin America, FDI remains concentrated in only a few countries. Foreign Direct Investment in Latin America evaluates the volume of these new FDI inflows, the factors that attracted them, and their contribution to Latin American development. The book analyzes investment decisions in part through a comprehensive survey of businesses that have recently invested in the region. Case studies of FDI flows to Argentina, Chile and Colombia examine the role of foreign investment liberalization, incentives and performance requirements, complementary policies in such areas as macroeconomics, taxation, foreign exchange and trade, and foreign debt conversion programs.
Perspectives on International Financial Liberalization
Offers a range of opinions on John Eatwell's paper, International financial liberalization: the impact on world development, which the Office of Development Studies published in the summer of 1997 (ODS Discussion Paper 12). Eatwell's paper examined the record of financial liberalization since World War II, and argued that many expected benefits failed to materialise.
Growth with Stability
During the 1990s, countries in the Latin American and Caribbean region regained access to external finance from international capital markets for the development of their economies. However, the volatility of these sources of finance and the region's pro-cyclical macroeconomic policies have been reflected in unusually frequent financial crises and unstable economic growth. This publication proposes a strategy for growth for the region, based on three key aspects of promoting stability of international capital flows for development financing; trade linkages and access to external capital; and promoting national capital resources by boosting public and private saving and investment.
The European Community after 1992
The liberalization of trade and factor movements and the adoption of a common currency proposed for the EEC in 1992 have important implications for the rest of the world. Nineteen experts from academia, different countries and regions and international organizations analyze these implications theoretically and empirically. In general, the authors expect Europe 1992 to generate positive effects on trade and welfare, although concerns are raised over possible, inward looking policies by the Community. For many small and distant countries the effects are shown likely to be insignificant in any case.
Central America
Central America has made substantial progress in recent years in moving economic reforms forward and deepening regional and global integration. As result of these efforts, the region has experienced higher growth, increased capital inflows, and some reductions in poverty rates. But Central America remains vulnerable to adverse shocks and continues to face widespread poverty. While today Central America is in better condition to face such shocks, the current turmoil in global financial markets and U.S. growth slowdown could put at risk the hard-won gains of recent years. Faced with these challenges, the authorities are monitoring developments closely and are taking precautionary measures, but they also need to continue implementing productivity-enhancing reforms and measures aimed at reducing income inequality and poverty.
Equity and Fiscal Policy
How does fiscal policy fare in improving the underlying income distribution in Central America? We integrate the data from a number of existing tax and public expenditure studies for the countries in the region and find that the distributional effect of taxation is regressive but small. In contrast, the redistributive impact of social spending is large and progressive, leading to a progressive net redistributive effect in all countries of the region. We also show that raising tax revenues and devoting the proceeds to social spending would unambiguously improve the income of the poorest households.
Solving the Riddle of Globalization and Development
In the past two decades many developing countries have embraced the challenge of globalization by rushing to dismantle trade barriers and to promote increasingly liberal market-oriented policies. However, a broader response to globalization is both necessary and possible if countries are to develop as quickly and as fully as possible. Exploring this complex interrelationship between globalization, liberalization, and human and social development, this innovative book undertakes a full analysis of development policy, strategy and practice in a variety of countries, with equal weight provided to Asia, Latin America and Africa. An internationally renowned team of contributors examines the compl...
Rethinking Foreign Investment for Sustainable Development
Consisting of country case studies and comparative analyses from Latin American and US based political economists, this volume examines the recent history of foreign investment for development in Latin America in the context of the current backlash against 'Washington Consensus' policies. These essays form the broad conclusion that foreign direct investment fell far short of generating the necessary linkages for sustainable economic development.
