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Quantum Processes and Measurement
This accessible and self-contained text presents the essential theoretical techniques developed to describe quantum processes, alongside a detailed review of the devices and experimental methods required in quantum measurement. Ideal for advanced undergraduate and graduate students seeking to extend their knowledge of the physics underlying quantum technologies, the book develops a thorough understanding of quantum measurement theory, quantum processes and the evolution of quantum states. A wide range of basic quantum systems are discussed, including atoms, ions, photons, and more complex macroscopic quantum devices such as opto-mechanical systems and superconducting circuits. Quantum phenomena are also covered in detail, from entanglement and quantum jumps, to quantum fluctuations in optical systems. Numerous problems at the end of each chapter problems enable the reader to consolidate key theoretical concepts and to develop their understanding of the most widely-used experimental techniques.
Quantum Dots for Quantum Information Processing: Controlling and Exploiting the Quantum Dot Environment
This thesis offers a comprehensive introduction to surface acoustic waves in the quantum regime. It addresses two of the most significant technological challenges in developing a scalable quantum information processor based on spins in quantum dots: (i) decoherence of the electronic spin qubit due to the surrounding nuclear spin bath, and (ii) long-range spin-spin coupling between remote qubits. Electron spins confined in quantum dots (QDs) are among the leading contenders for implementing quantum information processing. To this end, the author pursues novel strategies that turn the unavoidable coupling to the solid-state environment (in particular, nuclear spins and phonons) into a valuable asset rather than a liability.
From Atom Optics to Quantum Simulation
This thesis explores ultracold quantum gases of bosonic and fermionic atoms in optical lattices. The highly controllable experimental setting discussed in this work, has opened the door to new insights into static and dynamical properties of ultracold quantum matter. One of the highlights reported here is the development and application of a novel time-resolved spectroscopy technique for quantum many-body systems. By following the dynamical evolution of a many-body system after a quantum quench, the author shows how the important energy scales of the underlying Hamiltonian can be measured with high precision. This achievement, its application, and many other exciting results make this thesis of interest to a broad audience ranging from quantum optics to condensed matter physics. A lucid style of writing accompanied by a series of excellent figures make the work accessible to readers outside the rapidly growing research field of ultracold atoms.
Quantum Matter at Ultralow Temperatures
The Enrico Fermi summer school on Quantum Matter at Ultralow Temperatures held on 7-15 July 2014 at Varenna, Italy, featured important frontiers in the field of ultracold atoms. For the last 25 years, this field has undergone dramatic developments, which were chronicled by several Varenna summer schools, in 1991 on Laser Manipulation of Atoms, in 1998 on Bose-Einstein Condensation in Atomic Gases, and in 2006 on Ultra-cold Fermi Gases. The theme of the 2014 school demonstrates that the field has now branched out into many different directions, where the tools and precision of atomic physics are used to realise new quantum systems, or in other words, to quantum-engineer interesting Hamiltonia...
Feynman Lectures on Computation
The last lecture course that Nobel Prize winner Richard P. Feynman gave to students at Caltech from 1983 to 1986 was not on physics but on computer science. The first edition of the Feynman Lectures on Computation, published in 1996, provided an overview of standard and not-so-standard topics in computer science given in Feynman’s inimitable style. Although now over 20 years old, most of the material is still relevant and interesting, and Feynman’s unique philosophy of learning and discovery shines through. For this new edition, Tony Hey has updated the lectures with an invited chapter from Professor John Preskill on “Quantum Computing 40 Years Later”. This contribution captures the ...
Information and Interaction
In this essay collection, leading physicists, philosophers, and historians attempt to fill the empty theoretical ground in the foundations of information and address the related question of the limits to our knowledge of the world. Over recent decades, our practical approach to information and its exploitation has radically outpaced our theoretical understanding - to such a degree that reflection on the foundations may seem futile. But it is exactly fields such as quantum information, which are shifting the boundaries of the physically possible, that make a foundational understanding of information increasingly important. One of the recurring themes of the book is the claim by Eddington and Wheeler that information involves interaction and putting agents or observers centre stage. Thus, physical reality, in their view, is shaped by the questions we choose to put to it and is built up from the information residing at its core. This is the root of Wheeler’s famous phrase “it from bit.” After reading the stimulating essays collected in this volume, readers will be in a good position to decide whether they agree with this view.
Optical Transistor
What Is Optical Transistor An optical transistor, also known as an optical switch or a light valve, is a device that switches or amplifies optical signals. Light occurring on an optical transistor's input changes the intensity of light emitted from the transistor's output while output power is supplied by an additional optical source. Since the input signal intensity may be weaker than that of the source, an optical transistor amplifies the optical signal. The device is the optical analog of the electronic transistor that forms the basis of modern electronic devices. Optical transistors provide a means to control light using only light and has applications in optical computing and fiber-opti...
Universal Themes of Bose-Einstein Condensation
Covering general theoretical concepts and the research to date, this book demonstrates that Bose-Einstein condensation is a truly universal phenomenon.
Optischer Transistor
Was ist ein optischer Transistor Ein optischer Transistor, auch bekannt als optischer Schalter oder Lichtventil, ist ein Gerät, das optische Signale schaltet oder verstärkt. Licht, das am Eingang eines optischen Transistors auftritt, ändert die Intensität des vom Ausgang des Transistors emittierten Lichts, während die Ausgangsleistung von einer zusätzlichen optischen Quelle geliefert wird. Da die Intensität des Eingangssignals schwächer als die der Quelle sein kann, verstärkt ein optischer Transistor das optische Signal. Das Gerät ist das optische Analogon des elektronischen Transistors, der die Grundlage moderner elektronischer Geräte bildet. Optische Transistoren stellen ein Mit...
Die Eintracht – Zahlen, Daten und Fakten des BTSV Eintracht Braunschweig
Die Eintracht – Zahlen, Daten und Fakten des BTSV Eintracht Braunschweig Von Reiner Hollmann, Bernd Buchheister und Ronnie Worm – Tore und viel mehr der Elf aus dem Eintracht-Stadion. Begleiten Sie uns in diesem Buch auf der Reise durch gut 100 Jahre Geschichte der Mannschaft aus Braunschweig. Natürlich finden Sie in diesem Buch auch alle Rekorde und Bestleistung des BTSV Eintracht Braunschweig sowie Torschützenlisten übersichtlich dokumentiert. Erfahren Sie außerdem: - wer gemeinsam mit Horst Wolter, Gerd Saborowski und Lothar Ulsaß deutscher Meister geworden ist. - an welcher Position die Mannschaft in der ewigen Tabelle der Fußballbundesliga rangiert. - welche Spieler auch für ...
