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Life in the Aztec Empire
The Aztecs are the towns that inhabited the Valley of Mexico shortly before the Spanish conquest of Mexico in 1521. This ethnonym joins many tribal groups that spoke the Nahuatl language and exhibited common cultural characteristics. This group was made up of the domains of the Triple Alliance, made up of Texcoco, Tlacopan and México-Tenochtitlan. They formed one of the largest and most important empires of pre-Columbian America in just 200 years. They had aqueducts, palaces, pyramids and temples. By the thirteenth century the Aztecs settled in Chapultepec, from where they were expelled by a coalition of enemies. After being expelled they constituted their definitive settlement in Tenochtitlan, in 1325.
Organization of the Aztec Empire
Aztec society was divided into twenty clans called calpullis, where religion exerted a predominant influence, which consisted of groups of people connected by kinship, territorial divisions, the invocation of a particular god and continuation of ancient families linked by a kinship bond. biological and religious that derived from the cult of the titular god. Each clan had lands, a temple and a chief or calpullec. They were divided into three classes; Nobles, ordinary people and slaves.
Wealth and poverty: Aztec standard of living
In the sixteenth century, in the eyes of the ruling class, land, arable land, remained the basis of all prosperity. As the dignitary rose in rank, he acquired the rights to more and larger areas of real estate. Theoretically, nobody was the owner of the land. The land belonged to the collective owner, calpulli, to public institutions such as temples, or to the city itself. There was no private ownership of the land, there was collective ownership with individual right of use.
Society and laws of the Aztec empire
The Aztec justice system was very complex. It was designed to maintain order in society and maintain respect for government institutions. Laws revolved around tradition: they were passed down from generation to generation, and a complex system was created on this basis. The Aztec legal system took shape when the great leader of Texcoco, Nezahualcoyotl, wrote a codex of 80 laws aimed at improving the legal system and establishing a greater order in society at that time.
Beyond Cortés and Montezuma
Beyond Cortés and Montezuma examines both European and Nahuatl texts and images that shed light on the complex narrative of contact and the ensuing conflict, negotiation, and cooperation that continued well after the colonial period. A diverse group of scholars from Europe, Mexico, and the US with varied methodological backgrounds—linguistics, history, art history, and cultural studies—query the “conquest,” or rather conquista, of Mexico through a series of case studies that interrogate how historians, especially in Europe, Mexico, and the US, understand and interact with this concept. They consider the language used to encapsulate the event in Nahuatl documents from the colonial period, how the Spanish veterans led the transition to settlement in taking land for themselves, and the legacy of the conquista in discrimination against Tlaxcallans in modern Mexico. Beyond Cortés and Montezuma is a compilation of nuanced reflections on the language, narratives, and memories of the conquista that balances the crimes of Spanish colonialism and asymmetries of power that existed within early New Spain with the abilities of Native peoples to resist, negotiate, and survive.
Conquistadors and Aztecs
A new account of the conquest of Mexico that focuses on the fall of Tenochtitlan, the capital of the Aztecs, timed for the 500th anniversary of this world historical event.
धन और गरीबी: एज़्टेक का जीवन स्तर
सोलहवीं शताब्दी में, शासक वर्ग की दृष्टि में, भूमि, कृषि योग्य भूमि, सभी समृद्धि का आधार बनी रही। जैसे ही गणमान्य व्यक्ति रैंक में आए, उन्होंने अचल संपत्ति के अधिक और बड़े क्षेत्रों के अधिकार हासिल कर लिए। सैद्धांतिक रूप से, कोई भी भूमि का मालिक नहीं था। भूमि सामूहिक मालिक, कैलपुली, सार्वजनिक संस्थानों जैसे मंदिरों या शहर में ही थी। भूमि का कोई निजी स्वामित्व नहीं था, व्यक्तिगत उपयोग के साथ सामूहिक स्वामित्व था।
財富與貧困：阿茲特克人的生活標準
在十六世紀，在統治階級的眼中，土地，耕地仍然是一切繁榮的基礎。隨著高級官員的崛起，他獲得了更多更大的房地產領域的權利。從理論上講，沒有人是土地的所有者。土地屬於集體所有者calpulli，屬於寺廟等公共機構，或屬於城市本身。土地沒有私人所有權，集體所有權與個人使用權有關。
एज़्टेक साम्राज्य के समाज और कानून
एज़्टेक न्याय प्रणाली बहुत जटिल थी। यह समाज में व्यवस्था बनाए रखने और सरकारी संस्थानों के लिए सम्मान बनाए रखने के लिए बनाया गया था। कानून परंपरा के इर्द-गिर्द घूमते थे: उन्हें पीढ़ी से पीढ़ी तक पारित किया गया था, और इस आधार पर एक जटिल प्रणाली बनाई गई थी। एज़्टेक कानूनी प्रणाली ने तब आकार लिया जब टेक्सकोको के महान नेता, नेजाहुआल्कोयोटल ने 80 कानूनों का एक कोड लिखा, जिसका उद्देश्य कानूनी प्रणाली में सुधार करना और उस समय समाज में एक बड़ा आदेश स्थापित करना था।
Samfund og love i det aztekiske imperium
Det aztekiske retssystem var meget kompliceret. Det var designet til at opretholde orden i samfundet og opretholde respekt for regeringsinstitutioner. Lover drejede sig om tradition: De blev sendt fra generation til generation, og et komplekst system blev skabt på dette grundlag. Det aztekiske retssystem tog form, da den store leder af Texcoco, Nezahualcoyotl, skrev en kodeks med 80 love, der havde til formål at forbedre retssystemet og etablere en større orden i samfundet på det tidspunkt.
