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Superstrong Laser Fields and Applications
This work brings together 27 papers examining superstrong laser fields and their applications. It covers lasers for fusion and devices for ultrafast optics.
Charged Particles in Oncology
High-energy charged particles represent a cutting-edge technique in radiation oncology. Protons and carbon ions are used in several centers all over the world for the treatment of different solid tumors. Typical indications are ocular malignancies, tumors of the base of the skull, hepatocellular carcinomas and various sarcomas. The physical characteristics of the charged particles (Bragg peak) allow sparing of much more normal tissues than it is possible using conventional X-rays, and for this reason all pediatric tumors are considered eligible for protontherapy. Ions heavier than protons also display special radiobiological characteristics, which make them effective against radioresistant a...
Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy
Clinical conformal radiotherapy is the holy grail of radiation treatment and is now becoming a reality through the combined efforts of physical scientists and engineers, who have improved the physical basis of radiotherapy, and the interest and concern of imaginative radiotherapists and radiographers. Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy de
Biological Effects of Low Dose Radiation
The book is comprised of five parts, Microdosimetry, Bystander effect and transformation, Apoptosis (cell death) and signal transduction, Adaptive responses and immune responses, Cancer and epidemiology, including a series of papers to represent the progress going on, which undoubtedly will make an important contribution to this research field. There are 22 papers ranging from the theoretical considerations, for example, "The dual response to low-dose irradiation: induction vs. prevention of DNA damage" by Dr. Feinendegen et al., in which they discussed the net dose-risk function suggesting that the incidence of cancer is less likely to be proportional to dose than to exhibit a threshold, to the experimental studies as well as to epidemiology of cancer risk of a large population lived in the area exposed to high levels of natural radiation, the Kerala coast, India. Its coverage from mice to human will make it particularly useful for students and health professionals in the fields of radiation research, health physics, environmental protection as well as regulatory control.
Gold Nanostars
This Brief focuses on the synthesis, functionalization techniques, optical properties and biomedical application of gold nanostars (GNS). Various facilities of gold nanostars synthesis as well as functionalization of GNS with PEG, organic dyes, bioactive compounds are discussed. The authors discuss physical origin of the Localized Surface Plasmon Resonances and the way the nano-environment affects them. The implication of the LSPR of gold nanostars surface enhanced Raman scattering is also discussed. The emphasis has been done on the application of GNS for current and emerge needs of medicine, biology and pharmacy. Moreover, properties of gold nanostars as contrast agents for in vivo imaging and interaction of GNS with cells are also discussed in this Brief.
Radiation Effects in Polymeric Materials
This book provides an introduction of how radiation is processed in polymeric materials, how materials properties are affected and how the resulting materials are analyzed. It covers synthesis, characterization, or modification of important materials, e.g. polycarbonates, polyamides and polysaccharides, using radiation. For example, a complete chapter is dedicated to the characterization of biodegradable polymers irradiated with low and heavy ions. This book will be beneficial to all polymer scientists in the development of new macromolecules and to all engineers using these materials in applications. It summarizes the fundamental knowledge and latest innovations in research fields from medicine to space.
Solar Energetic Particles
This concise primer introduces the non-specialist reader to the physics of solar energetic particles (SEP) and systematically reviews the evidence for the two main mechanisms which lead to the so-called impulsive and gradual SEP events. More specifically, the timing of the onsets, the longitude distributions, the high-energy spectral shapes, the correlations with other solar phenomena (e.g. coronal mass ejections), as well as the all-important elemental and isotopic abundances of SEPs are investigated. Impulsive SEP events are related to magnetic reconnection in solar flares and jets. The concept of shock acceleration by scattering on self-amplified Alfvén waves is introduced, as is the evi...
