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Making Land Legible
In Latin America, a territorial cadastre is a public registry that manages information relating to parcels of land. As an institution, the cadastre is common in many countries, although it does not exist in the United States. The cadastre plays a key role in urban planning and property valuation in Latin America. An increasing number of jurisdictions in Latin America have begun to move from the orthodox cadastre model imported from Europe to the multipurpose cadastre (MPC) model. An MPC is based on a partnership of stakeholders committed to generating extensive, detailed, and up-to-date information about a city. In addition to legal, economic, and physical characteristics contained in the or...
Colonial Racial Capitalism
The contributors to Colonial Racial Capitalism consider anti-Blackness, human commodification, and slave labor alongside the history of Indigenous dispossession and the uneven development of colonized lands across the globe. They demonstrate the co-constitution and entanglement of slavery and colonialism from the conquest of the New World through industrial capitalism to contemporary financial capitalism. Among other topics, the essays explore the historical suturing of Blackness and Black people to debt, the violence of uranium mining on Indigenous lands in Canada and the Belgian Congo, how municipal property assessment and waste management software encodes and produces racial difference, h...
Transferência do direito de construir e patrimônio cultural edificado carioca:
Esta obra investiga os limites e as possibilidades do instrumento urbanístico denominado Transferência do Direito de Construir (TDC) para atuar na conservação do patrimônio cultural edificado. O aporte à teoria da renda do solo urbano revela a fonte de recursos urbanísticos coletivos contidos no preço do solo: as chamadas mais-valias fundiárias que são geradas pelas alterações da normativa urbanística. Ao serem recuperadas pelo poder municipal, essas mais-valias convertem-se em recursos urbanísticos que podem ser disponibilizados, através da TDC, para restaurar e conservar uma parte elegível do patrimônio cultural. O enfoque territorial sobre o estoque do patrimônio cultural edificado do centro da cidade do Rio de Janeiro visa a categorizar a elegibilidade de imóveis, revelando o alcance efetivo do instrumento com a finalidade de preservação patrimonial.
Avanços em Ciências Humanas e Sociais
Diversos estudos na interface entre a linguística e a ciência da informação revelam contribuições para as áreas, tais como a terminologia e a análise documentária, e problemas, mais relacionados à construção de conceitos e representação da informação. Contudo, há notadamente uma escassez na literatura acerca das relações entre linguística computacional e a ciência da informação. Por meio do primeiro capítulo foi verificado o conhecimento produzido nesse ponto de intersecção, oferecendo um panorama do que já foi realizado no contexto nacional. Quantitativamente, os resultados confirmam a pouca produção acerca do tema, porém, revelam uma concentração maior de algumas subáreas em relação a outras, apontando para possíveis pesquisas futuras.
Implementing Value Capture in Latin America
The report examines a variety of specific instruments and applications in municipalities throughout the region under three categories: property taxation and betterment contributions; exactions and other direct negotiations for charges for building rights or the transfer of development rights; and large-scale approaches such as development of public land through privatization or acquisition, land readjustment, and public auctions of bonds for purchasing building rights. It concludes with a summary of lessons learned and recommends steps that can be taken in three spheres: Learn from Implementation Experiences Increase Knowledge about Theory and Practice Promote Greater Public Understanding and Participation
Regularization of Informal Settlements in Latin America
In large Latin American cities the number of dwellings in informal settlements ranges from one-tenth to one-third of urban residences. These informal settlements are caused by low income, unrealistic urban planning, lack of serviced land, lack of social housing, and a dysfunctional legal system. The settlements develop over time and some have existed for decades, often becoming part of the regular development of the city, and therefore gaining rights, although usually lacking formal titles. Whether they are established on public or private land, they develop irregularly and often do not have critical public services such as sanitation, resulting in health and environmental hazards. In this r...
Improving the Performance of the Property Tax in Latin America
This report focuses on three areas of property tax reform in Latin America: fiscal policy, tax policies, and assessment practices and collection procedures. It also draws on an ongoing property tax system survey that provides financial, legal, and administrative data on numerous jurisdictions, along with tax performance indicators, information on how cadastres are used, and more.
Democracy as Problem Solving
Case studies from around the world and theoretical discussion show how the capacity to act collectively on local problems can be developed, strengthening democracy while changing social and economic outcomes. Complexity, division, mistrust, and “process paralysis” can thwart leaders and others when they tackle local challenges. In Democracy as Problem Solving, Xavier de Souza Briggs shows how civic capacity—the capacity to create and sustain smart collective action—can be developed and used. In an era of sharp debate over the conditions under which democracy can develop while broadening participation and building community, Briggs argues that understanding and building civic capacity...
Impacts of COVID-19 on food security: Panel data evidence from Nigeria
This paper combines pre-pandemic face-to-face survey data with follow up phone surveys collected in April-May 2020 to quantify the overall and differential impacts of COVID-19 on household food security, labor market participation and local food prices in Nigeria. We exploit spatial variation in exposure to COVID-19 related infections and lockdown measures along with temporal differences in our outcomes of interest using a difference-in-difference approach. We find that those households exposed to higher COVID-19 cases or mobility lockdowns experience a significant increase in measures of food insecurity. Examining possible transmission channels for this effect, we find that COVID-19 signifi...
Actionable Intelligence
Multifaceted social problems like disaster relief, homelessness, health care, and academic achievement gaps cannot be adequately addressed with isolated and disconnected public service agencies. The Actionable Intelligence for Social Policy model addresses the limitations to traditional approaches to American public administration.
