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Understanding Inferential Statistics
What does this p-value actually mean? And what is a significant result? This book provides a compact and comprehension-oriented introduction to inferential statistics and answers questions like these. One focus is on the logic underlying inferential statistics and hypothesis testing: Readers learn the most commonly used procedures (t-test, analysis of variance with and without repeated measures, correlation/regression) as well as the pitfalls of data analysis, and develop the understanding necessary to interpret results correctly. The individual chapters are supplemented by concrete evaluation examples from everyday research - including exemplary implementation with the programs SPSS and R. ...
Interference in Skilled and Unskilled Grasping
Neuropsychologische Befunde legen eine Trennung des visuellen Informationsverarbeitungssystems von Primaten in zwei kortikale Pfade nahe: Ein ventraler Pfad zur (bewussten) Wahrnehmung, und ein dorsaler Pfad zur Planung und Uberwachung motorischer Handlungen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden zwei Aspekte eingehender untersucht: (1) Verarbeitung im dorsalen Pfad soll automatisch ablaufen, und (2) ungeubte sowie linkshandige (Greif-)Bewegungen sollen vom ventralen Pfad gesteuert werden. Dazu werden sieben Experimente berichtet, die verschiedene Greifbewegungen (zumeist) im Kontext von Doppelaufgaben untersuchen. Konsistent zeigten sich dabei zwei Befunde. Erstens waren alle Greifbewegungen anfallig fur eine parallel auszufuhrende Zweitaufgabe. Zweitens lassen sich fur ungeubte und linkshandige Greifbewegungen keine Hinweise fur eine Beteiligung des ventralen Pfades erkennen. Diese Befunde legen den Schluss nahe, dass alle Greifbewegungen durch den selben Mechanismus gesteuert werden (vermutlich durch den dorsale Pfad), und dass dieser Mechanismus Kapazitatslimitierungen unterliegt - also nicht als streng automatisch konzeptualisiert werden kann.
Multitasking: Executive Functioning in Dual-Task and Task Switching Situations
Multitasking refers to performance of multiple tasks. The most prominent types of multitasking are situations including either temporal overlap of the execution of multiple tasks (i.e., dual tasking) or executing multiple tasks in varying sequences (i.e., task switching). In the literature, numerous attempts have aimed at theorizing about the specific characteristics of executive functions that control interference between simultaneously and/or sequentially active component of task-sets in these situations. However, these approaches have been rather vague regarding explanatory concepts (e.g., task-set inhibition, preparation, shielding, capacity limitation), widely lacking theories on detailed mechanisms and/ or empirical evidence for specific subcomponents. The present research topic aims at providing a selection of contributions on the details of executive functioning in dual-task and task switching situations. The contributions specify these executive functions by focusing on (1) fractionating assumed mechanisms into constituent subcomponents, (2) their variations by age or in clinical subpopulations, and/ or (3) their plasticity as a response to practice and training.
Limited Information Shared Control and its Applications to Large Vehicle Manipulators
This work focuses on the Limited Information Shared Control and its controller design using potential games. Through the developed systematic controller design, the experiments demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of this concept compared to traditional manual and non-cooperative control approaches in the application of large vehicle manipulators.
Psychological perspectives on expertise
Experts are persons who are very knowledgeable about or skillful in a particular area. The aim of this Research Topic is to advance knowledge in the understanding of the phenomenon of expertise by putting together different lines of research that directly or indirectly study expertise. Herbert Simon’s expertise studies initiated two lines of research. One is interested in elucidating the cognitive processes underlying expertise, and the other investigates how expertise develops. These lines of research started with studies comparing experts and novices in chess, and then they extended to numerous areas of expertise such as music, medical diagnosis, sports, arts and sciences. In the field o...
Interfaces Between Language And Cognition
Cognitive mechanisms underlying linguistic communication do not only rely upon retrieval and processing of linguistic information; they also involve constant updating and organizing of this linguistic information in relation with other, more general, cognitive mechanisms. Some existing theoretical models assume such a tight interactive link between domain-general and domain-specific sources of information in the cognitive organization of the linguistic faculty and during language use. Domain-specific constraints may include, for example, grammatical as well as lexical and pragmatic knowledge. Domain-general constraints comprise processing limitations imposed by the cognitive mechanisms of me...
Action, Mind, and Brain
An engaging and accessible introduction to the psychology and neuroscience of physical action. This engaging and accessible book offers the first introductory text on the psychology and neuroscience of physical action. Written by a leading researcher in the field, it covers the interplay of action, mind, and brain, showing that many core concepts in philosophy, psychology, neuroscience, and technology grew out of questions about the control of everyday physical actions. It explains action not as a “one-way street from stimuli to response” but as a continual perception-action cycle. The informal writing style invites students to think through the evidence step by step, helping them develo...
Handbook of Human Multitasking
This handbook on human multitasking provides an integrative overview on simultaneous and sequential multitasking and thus combines theorizing on dual task limitations as well as costs related to task switching. In addition to a wide range of empirical findings and their theoretical integration, the editors provide a number of applications of multitasking, like training, interindividual differences and applied research in traffic and health psychology and music expertise. The book is suitable for people interested in multitasking, that is, for researchers and graduate students of cognitive psychology, movement science, sport psychology, cognitive neuroscience, cognitive and neurological rehabilitation, aging sciences, and broader cognitive science.
Fresh Perspectives on Major Issues in Pragmatics
This book showcases new and innovative developments and approaches in pragmatics, spotlighting perspectives from an international range of emerging scholars undertaking cutting-edge research pushing the field in new directions. The volume begins by taking stock of the most up-to-date developments in pragmatics research, as embodied by the work of a newer generation of pragmaticists. Chapters are organized around key areas of development within pragmatics, including intercultural and cross-cultural pragmatics, cognitive pragmatics, and new perspectives on referencing, implicating, and inferring, shedding further light on the ways in which pragmatics increasingly interfaces with other linguistic disciplines and on innovative methodologies. The book also places the focus on pragmatics approaches in languages other than than English, further expanding the borders of research. This book will be of particular interest to scholars in pragmatics interested in staying on top of the latest developments and future directions for the field.
