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Cigarette smoking during childhood and adolescence produces significant health problems among young people, including cough and phlegm production, an increase in the number and severity of respiratory illnesses, decreased physical fitness, an unfavourable lipid profile and potential retardation in the rate of lung growth and the level of maximum lung function in addition to leading to long-term smoking and the numerous diseases connected with that including cancer and others. In this new book adolescent smoking is researched pertaining to the health complications that young adults will endure, as well as the different social aspects of what causes an adolescent to begin smoking in the first place including peer pressure. Several methods of smoking cessation are discussed.
Systemic lupus erythematosus, the prototype of an autoimmune disorder, may affect several organs and may run a chronic course between relapse and remission. This book covers important aspects of the disease, including epidemiology, pathophysiology, and neuropsychiatric manifestations, including basic science and clinical features and management. In affected patients, the fundamental problem of fertility is reassessed including the risk of the disease, the possibility of fetal loss, the safety of drugs during pregnancy, and the current diagnostic and suggested therapeutic strategies of reproductive medicine. Finally, the issue of pathogenesis is revisited with a thorough description of animal models in relation to physiology and potential novel therapies.
Because people’s contact with the criminal justice system comes in different shapes and forms, scholars are now broadening their analytical scope and examining the overall repercussions of criminal justice contact on families of offenders. Compared to Western societies, Japan is known for its lower crime rates and more pronounced use of informal social control. Thus, it offers a useful research site for examining how families in a low-crime society experience criminal justice contact and how they function as an integral part of the nation’s crime control mechanism. This book considers the role of the family in the lives of offenders and the criminal justice system in Japan. Looking parti...
This handbook explores the challenges demographic change pose twenty-first century Japan. The first part gives the fundamental data involved, and the subsequent parts address the social, cultural, political, economic and social security aspects of Japan's demographic change.
Pulse Radiolysis presents an in-depth discussion of the pulse radiolysis technique, one of the most important and powerful means for detecting transient and relaxation phenomena and following their behavior in irradiated systems. The book covers the principle of pulse radiolysis, identifies various kinds of pulse radiolysis techniques, and discusses recent advancements in the field. The text also discusses new experimental pulse radiolysis techniques (basic and applied) in broad scientific fields such as physics, chemistry, biology, and engineering. These techniques include picosecond pulse radiolysis, single particle radiolysis, and muon-induced transient phenomena. Pulse Radiolysis provides essential information for all professionals involved with pulse radiolysis research.
The utilization of polymeric materials and their optimization for high performance applications requires a detailed understanding of their degradation sensitivities, and the various features affecting durability. This book provides an overview of the current trends in this research field. Topics are the latest concepts related to material lifetime prediction methodologies, new insight into degradation mechanisms in radiation environments, and how the knowledge of degradation processes can be applied to the design of materials with improved performance. Similarly of interest are appropriate analytical characterization techniques that are fundamental to all areas of polymer degradation and optimization studies. This book discusses the overlapping performance interests in a range of existing and developing applications. The audience will be polymer chemists and material engineers dealing with polymer design, testing and durability issues. The market will range from academia, to large research institutes and industry.