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A micro-level perspective on the relationships between presence of armed groups, armed conflict violence, and access to aid in Mopti, Mali
This paper exploits a unique panel dataset of households in Mopti whose baseline was collected in January 2012, just prior to the outset of the civil war in Mali. The follow-up survey was implemented in January 2017, in the midst of a rapidly intensifying armed conflict in the region. This paper addresses three research questions: (i) which pre-crisis characteristics of villages best explain the subsequent local presence of armed groups and local intensity of conflict-related violence? (ii) How the presence of armed groups and conflict-related violence are related to each other, and how they manifest themselves in the lives of communities? and (iii) what role the presence of armed groups and conflict-related violence play in the geographic allocation of aid? Answering these questions help us shed light on the determinants of vulnerability to conflict, on processes of armed conflict and on the relationships between aid and conflict.
School meals as a market for smallholder agriculture: Experimental evidence from Ghana
Governments and international development partners investing over $40 USD billion a year in school meals have shown interest in linking these programs with agriculture sector development, through what has become known as “Home-Grown” school feeding (HGSF). Nevertheless, evidence on the effectiveness of HGSF and agriculture is limited. This article reports on the findings of a three-year cluster randomized trial implemented in 58 districts of Ghana including a panel of 1,668 households. Communities were randomly assigned to 1) standard school meals; 2) HGSF or 3) control with no intervention. Post-intervention, the caterer-level analysis highlighted major challenges related to delayed pro...
Impact of conflict-related violence and presence of armed groups on food security: Evidence from longitudinal analysis in Mali
We assess the impact of conflict exposure on households’ food security in rural areas of Mopti, Mali over the period 2012-17. Our main data source is a unique panel dataset of 1,617 households for which the baseline round was collected before the conflict broke out. We estimate the impact of conflict with a weighted difference-in-differences approach. We find that exposure to high level of conflict-related fatalities within a radius of 50km leads to a reduction of daily calorie intake per adult equivalent of 311 kcal (0.39 SD) and a reduction of dietary diversity score by one food group (0.56 SD). The presence of armed groups leads to lower dietary diversity (by 1.2 food group) but has no independent effect on calories. The negative impact of conflict on dietary diversity is concentrated on households with higher scores at baseline. We also estimate whether receiving food assistance mitigates the impact of conflict. We find that school-feeding protects households facing intense conflict by supporting calorie intake.
Impact of conflict on agriculture in Mali
Our paper aims to investigating the impact of conflict on population displacement, agricultural production and agricultural assets, and the mitigating effect of food aid. The paper is structured in the following way. In the next section we provide a description of the survey data used in the analysis. Section 3 describes the interplay of conflict and emergency aid in the area. Section 4 analyses the impact of conflict on agriculture, while section 5 investigates to what extent emergency aid mitigated the negative impact of conflict on agriculture. Section 6 discusses the limitations of the study and suggests some potential future lines of research.
Conflict and child mortality in Mali: A synthetic control analysis
A civil conflict broke out in northern Mali in 2012, which is continuing to the present day. Very little is known about its impact on civilians. In this paper we show how to use birth history data to build long time series of mortality rates, and we use novel synthetic control methods to estimate the impact of the Malian civil conflict on child mortality. We find that conflict produced a significant increase in under-5 mortality, and that the impact was negligible on infant mortality but large on child mortality. We analyse trends of key mortality determinants, and conclude that a reduction in vaccination rates and in access to health care in childhood were the most likely mediators of impact. Northern Mali is today one of the poorest and most neglected areas of the world where humanitarian assistance is urgently needed.
Gender and Agrarian Reforms
The redistribution of land has profound implications for women and for gender relations; however, gender issues have been marginalised from both theoretical and policy discussions of agrarian reform. This book presents an overview of gender and agrarian reform experiences globally. Jacobs highlights case studies from Latin America, Asia, Africa and eastern Europe and also compares agrarian and land reforms organised along collective lines as well as along individual household lines. This volume will be of interest to scholars in Geography, Women’s Studies, and Economics.
We Are Not Starving
This critical text is a timely ethnography of how global powers, local resistance, and capital flows are shaping contemporary African foodways. Ghana was one of the first countries targeted by a group of US donors and agribusiness corporations that funded an ambitious plan to develop genetically modified (GM) crops for African farmers. The collective believed that GM crops would help farmers increase their yields and help spark a “new” Green Revolution on the continent. Soon after the project began in Ghana, a nationwide food sovereignty movement emerged in opposition to GM crops. Today, in spite of impressive efforts and investments by proponents, only two GM crops remain in the pipelin...
The Fight Against Hunger and Malnutrition
Advances in science and policy during the past 50 years have prevented the predicted widespread food shortages as the world's population soared. Malnutrition, however, remains prevalent. This book details strategies and practical approaches designed to alleviate hunger and malnutrition in a new era where technological change, markets, patterns of governance, and social programs have an increasingly global dimension. More specifically, this book addresses a range of considerations including the role of small farmers in a world where the global reach of multinational corporations have enormous control from the farm to local markets and the grocery store; misgivings and misperceptions about gen...
The Economics of the Welfare State
The sixth edition of this successful textbook discusses elements of the welfare system, including cash benefits, the health service and education. The text argues that the welfare state does not exist just to help the underprivileged, but also offers efficiencies in areas where the private markets would be inefficient or would not exist at all. Suitable for both economics students and students on related disciplines, this book places the content within a theoretical framework, and uses learning features to engage students with the discussion. Each chapter is concluded with a summary of the key points and an appendix, which provides a non-technical summary for students with no previous exposu...
