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Hemichannels; from the molecule to the function
Coordinated cell interactions are required to accomplish several complex and dynamic tasks observed in several tissues. Cell function may be coordinated by cell-to-cell communication through gap junctions channels (GJCs). These channels are formed by the serial docking of two hemichannels, which in turn are formed by six protein subunits called connexins (Cxs). It is well known that GJCs are involved in several functions, such as intercellular propagation of calcium waves, spread of electrotonic potentialsand spatial buffering of ions and metabolites. On the other hand, undocked hemichannels, which are not forming GJCs, can also serve other functions as “free hemichannels”. Currently, it...
Therapeutic Agents and Targets to Minimize Ischemic Brain Injury
BM would like to declare that he has filed patents for the application of arginine-rich peptide as neuroprotective agents for stroke and other neurological disorders. RRR patents licensed by Neuronasal Inc., a company that he also consults for and has equity interest in. All other Topic Editors declare no competing interests with regards to the Research Topic subject.
Single Membrane Channels Formed by Connexins or Pannexins: Focus on the Nervous System
Given that the extremely elaborated and dynamic functions performed by the nervous system require the close synchronization of brain cells, complex organisms have developed different mechanisms of intercellular communication. At this regard, paracrine signaling between neighboring cells is currently recognized as one of the most widely distributed mechanisms of synchronization in the brain parenchyma. In mammals, paracrine signaling is in part mediated by single membrane channels formed by connexins (connexons/hemichannels) or pannexins (pannexons), which are two different membrane protein families composed of about 20 and 3 members, respectively. Single membrane channels formed by these pro...
Impact of Lipid Peroxidation on the Physiology and Pathophysiology of Cell Membranes
The general process of lipid peroxidation consists of three stages: initiation, propagation, and termination. The initiation phase of lipid peroxidation includes hydrogen atom abstraction. Several species can abstract the first hydrogen atom and include the radicals: hydroxyl, alkoxyl, peroxyl, and possibly HO* 2. The membrane lipids, mainly phospholipids, containing polyunsaturated fatty acids are predominantly susceptible to peroxidation because abstraction from a methylene group of a hydrogen atom, which contains only one electron, leaves at the back an unpaired electron on the carbon. The initial reaction of *OH with polyunsaturated fatty acids produces a lipid radical (L*), which in tur...
The Red Cell Life-Cycle From Erythropoiesis to Clearance
The eBook ‘The red cell life-cycle from erythropoiesis to clearance’ continues the discussion of questions like: What are the changes associated with red blood cell maturation, adulthood and senescence? What are the determinants of red blood cell life span and clearance? What are the mechanisms in control of red blood cell mass in healthy humans and patients with various forms of anaemia? Can red blood cells be 'trained' to provide the body with more oxygen during endurance exercises? What are the markers of circulating red blood cell senescence and in cells during storage and transfusion? And what can be learned from various species that developed advanced adaptations to maintain oxygen...
Connexin Cell Communication Channels
Plasma membrane-associated channels known as gap junctions, along with their protein building blocks-connexins-have an important functional role in a range of immunological processes. This book assembles and synthesizes four decades of the most important research carried out in this field. The chapters focus on the latest progress made on translating the knowledge gained to specific treatment modalities, including approaches for reducing scarring and cardiac arrhythmia, combating inflammation in the central nervous system and enhancing epithelial tissue repair. The book will inform and update specialists, clinical practitioners and those studying the potential for commercial applications.
