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Some so-called authorities claim that Muslims came to America hundreds of years before Columbus arrived in the New World. Are the claims true? Columbus' expedition represents the first major discovery of the Americas and the first appearance of non-Native Americans. The conventional wisdom is that Columbus ended tens of thousands of years of near-total isolation for the Native Americans. Since the Americas had been initially populated (probably between 13,000 BC and 11,000 BC) there had been no engagement with peoples from any other continent, save small ventures by the Norse into Northeastem Canada. Did Muslims come to the Americas, possibly as early as the 700s? These researchers argue tha...
Water, Cacao, and the Early Maya of Chocolá explores the often-overlooked Southern Maya Region of Guatemala, closely examining the near-legendary ancient city of Chocolá. Jonathan Kaplan and Federico Paredes Umaña marshal extensive fieldwork to demonstrate why Chocolá must now be added to the ranks of major Maya polities and theorize how it likely was innovative and influential early in the development of Maya civilization. In their research at the site, Kaplan and Paredes Umaña discovered a large and extraordinarily sophisticated underground water-control system. They also found evidence to support their theory that surplus cacao cultivation for trade underlay the city's burgeoning com...
From the Publisher: The Political Economy of the World Bank: The Early Years is a fascinating study of economic history. This text describes perhaps what is the most crucial time for development economics: the birth of the "third world," the creation of development economics as a discipline, and the establishment of the World Bank's leading role in development. Using previously unavailable archival material, Michele Alacevich takes a close look at the years during which the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development-now known as the World Bank- turned its attention from reconstruction to development, having been upstaged by the Marshall Plan. He describes the "Currie Mission" to C...
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Crossing geographic and cultural boundaries at a time when much of the world remained uncharted was a challenge faced by ancient explorers. Long before the Golden Age of Exploration, an assortment of travellers ventured into the unknown, uncovering untapped riches of land and resources in the process. Readers will become familiar with the lives and journeys of these early explorers, whose number included dauntless leadersAlexander the Great, Julius Caesar, and Genghis Khanwho sought to establish vast empires and enterprising merchants such as Marco Polo.