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Biodiversity and economic modelling:
Is it posible linking biodiversity to macro economic models, thereby increasing our understanding of how economic activities affect biodiversity – et vice versa? It is the key question that this report aims at answering on the basis of existing statistics, indicators and models in the Scandinavian countries. The economic sectors identified as relevant for biodiversity are: agriculture; forestry; fishery; tourism; transport; and energy (especially, hydropower). The main pressure types analysed include: habitat loss and degradation; climate change; excessive nutrient load and other forms of pollution; over-exploitation and unsustainable use; and invasive alien species. A set of recommendations for further work are made focusing on impacts of economic activities on biodiversity.
Policy brief:
The objective of this policy brief is to present a high-level overview of the use of economic instruments in environmental policies in the Nordic countries from the 1990's up to 2017. This overview is based on previously published reports on the use of economic instruments in Nordic environmental policy. Focus is on the development in use of economic instruments in each of the five Nordic countries, and the region as a whole. More specifically, the policy brief presents: • An overview of number of economic instruments by country and by sector • The revenue from the use of economic instruments by country and by sector • Discussion of the use of economic instruments in relation to the transition to a green economy.
The Use of Economic Instruments in Nordic Environmental Policy 2014–2017
This is the eighth quadrennial report on the use of economic instruments in Nordic environmental policy published by the Nordic Working Group for Environment and Economics. The report comprises two parts. Part I summarises the use of economic instruments in environmental policies of the five countries, during the period 2014-2017. It provides an overview of new instruments and major changes to existing instruments, a detailed country-by-country description of these developments, and a cross-country comparison. Part II provides an overview of the use of voluntary environmental agreements in different environmental sectors across the Nordic countries. It includes an overview and synthesis of studies that have evaluated the effects of voluntary environmental agreements.
Environmental Finance Financing Strategies for Water and Environmental Infrastructure
This book presents a method to develop financing strategies for investment-heavy environmental infrastructure, such as urban water supply, wastewater collection and treatment, and municipal solid waste.
Financing Strategies for Water and Environmental Infrastructure
An important obstacle to achieving environmental goals has been the failure to adequately address associated financial issues, such as minimising the costs involved and matching costs with available resources. This publication presents a method for implementing financing strategies for investment-heavy environmental infrastructure projects, such as urban water supplies or wastewater collection and treatment. These strategies, supported by the FEASIBLE computer model, were developed in several countries of eastern Europe, the Caucasus and Central Asia (EECCA), in EU accession countries and China.
Drømmen om Amerika
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