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HIV and AIDS
The continuing AIDS pandemic reminds us that despite the unrelenting quest for knowledge since the early 1980s, we have much to learn about HIV and AIDS. This terrible syndrome represents one of the greatest challenges for science and medicine. The purpose of this book is to aid clinicians, provide a source of inspiration for researchers, and serve as a guide for graduate students in their continued search for a cure of HIV. The first part of this book, "From the laboratory to the clinic," and the second part, "From the clinic to the patients," represent the unique but intertwined mission of this work: to provide basic and clinical knowledge on HIV/AIDS.
Lymph Node T Cell Dynamics and Novel Strategies for HIV Cure
Currently, more than 36 million people are infected with HIV. Although the introduction of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) has led to substantial advances in the clinical management of HIV infected individuals, HAART cannot completely eliminate the virus. This is because CD4 T helper cells, harboring the virus, remain dormant reservoirs. These reservoirs are difficult to measure and are present even in HAART-treated HIV infected individuals with undetectable levels of HIV in the blood. A growing body of studies has revealed follicular helper (Tfh) CD4 T cells, a highly differentiated CD4 T cell population localized in immunologically sanctuary sites (follicle/germinal center), ...
Natural Hosts of SIV
Natural Hosts of SIV: Implications in AIDS thoroughly reviews the possible mechanisms by which African nonhuman primate natural hosts of lentiviruses remain essentially disease-free while other hosts exhibit disease and death. The book ultimately indicates directions for further research and potential translations of this compelling phenomenon into novel approaches to treat and prevent HIV. When Asian non-human primate non-natural hosts are experimentally infected with viruses isolated from African species, disease and death normally results. Meanwhile, these African nonhuman primate natural hosts maintain similar levels of plasma and cellular viremia and exhibit compellingly different, esse...
Artificial Immune Systems
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Artificial Immune Systems, ICARIS 2012, held in Taormia, Italy, in August 2012. The 19 revised selected papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion in this book. In addition 4 papers of the workshop on bio and immune inspired algorithms and models for multi-level complex systems are included in this volume. Artificial immune systems (AIS) is a diverse and maturing area of research that bridges the disciplines of immunology, biology, medical science, computer science, physics, mathematics and engineering. The scope of AIS ranges from modelling and simulation of the immune system through to immune-inspired algorithms and in silico, in vitro and in vivo solutions.
Science
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Surviving Triple Negative Breast Cancer
After her diagnosis of hormone-negative breast cancer, health journalist Patricia Prijatel did what any reporter would do: start investigating the disease, how it occurs, how it's treated, and how to keep it from recurring. While she learned that important research on triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) was emerging, she found a noticeable lack of resources on the disease, which differs from hormone-positive breast cancer in important ways, including prognosis and treatment options. Triple-negative breast cancer disproportionately affects younger women and African-American women-and some forms of it can be more dangerous than other types of breast cancer. But there are many reasons to be ho...
Nachweis von Erythropoietin-Missbrauch im Sport
Inhaltsangabe:Einleitung: Diese Arbeit beschreibt die Methodik der Erythropoietin (EPO)-Dopingkontrollanalytik am Beispiel der Olympischen Winterspiele Salt Lake City 2002 (SLC2002) und wertet die dort gesammelten Daten aus. Es wurde bei einem Athleten und zwei Athletinnen ein Missbrauch von Darbepoetin alfa (Aranesp Ô) nachgewiesen, ein zu der Zeit erst seit kurzem erhältliches Nachfolgeprodukt von rekombinanten, humanem EPO (rhEPO). Humanes EPO, ein Glykoprotein mit 165 Aminosäuren, einem Sauerstoffund drei Stickstoff-gebundenen Kohlenhydratresten, ist ein Hormon, dass die Bildung der roten Blutkörperchen (Erythrozyten) im menschlichen Körper steuert. Sein Molekulargewicht beträgt ca...
