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"Noel Kingsbury reveals that even those imaginary perfect foods are themselves far from anything that could properly be called natural, rather, they represent the end of a millennia-long history of selective breeding and hybridization. Starting his story at the birth of agriculture, Kingsbury traces the history of human attempts to make plants more reliable, productive, and nutritiousa story that owes as much to accident and error as to innovation and experiment. Drawing on historical and scientific accounts, as well as a rich trove of anecdotes, Kingsbury shows how scientists, amateur breeders, and countless anonymous farmers and gardeners slowly caused the evolutionary pressures of nature to be supplanted by those of human needs and thus led us from sparse wild grasses to succulent corn cobs, and from mealy, white wild carrots to the juicy vegetables we enjoy today. At the same time, Kingsbury reminds us that contemporary controversies over the Green Revolution and genetically modified crops are not new, plant breeding has always had a political dimension."--Publisher's description.
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Landraces possess a very large genetic base in population structure and are dynamic populations of cultivated plants with historical origin, distinct identity, and without any formal crop improvement. They are often genetically diverse, locally adapted, and associated with traditional farming systems. Resistance genes to biotic and abiotic stress factors, which are especially diversified in landraces, are of great interest to plant breeders, faced with global climate challenge. In addition, gene pools made of different landraces grown in different ecological conditions can be used for wheat breeding to enhance quality; yield and other desirable agricultural parameters. An estimated 75% of the genetic diversity of crop plants was lost in the last century due to the replacement of high yielding modern varieties. There is, thus, an urgent need to preserve existing species, not only for posterity but also as a means to secure food supply for a rising world population. In this book, we provide an overview of wheat landraces with special attention to genetic diversities, conservation, and utilization.
Yirminci yüzyılın ikinci yarısında dünya tarımında yaşanan bitkisel üretim artışı göz kamaştırıcıdır; yüksek verimli çeşitlerin geliştirilmesi, pestisit, gübre, sulama ve mekanizasyon alanlarında büyük ilerlemeler sonucunda geçmişte benzeri olmayan üretim artışı “Yeşil Devrim” olarak adlandırıldı. Norman E. Borlaug, Henry M. Beachell ve Gurdev S. Khush gibi Yeşil Devrim'e ve tarım tarihine damgasını vurmuş ıslahçıların özverili çalışmaları gerçek birer başarı hikâyesidir. Adı geçen ıslahçıların geliştirdiği çeşitler, dünyanın neredeyse bütün kıtalarına yayılarak buğday ve pirinç üretimini kat ve kat artırmış, m...