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Massive private investment that complements public investment is needed to close the demand-supply gap and make reliable power available to all Indians. Government efforts have sought to attract private sector funding and management efficiency throughout the electricity value chain, adapting its strategy over time.
This study analyzes India s remarkable progress toward achieving universal access to electricity, particularly since 2000, and identifies the remaining challenges ahead. Key supply- and demand-side barriers to adoption of electric connections, as well as program sustainability issues, are examined.
The nature and pace of tax reform in China depends on progress in price and enterprise reform, highlighting the need to view the problem in a systemwide perspective.
The trend toward the liberalization of financial markets is part of a general recognition that free markets normally work better than government controls. Regulatory systems should be developed in light of the market failures that make them necessary and should provide the least possible opportunity for rent extraction by any single interest group.
To achieve a specified reduction in the accumulation of greenhouses gases in the atmosphere, it is far better to allow for flexibility in the timing of adjustment policies than to impose a particular deadline. This lesson applies to all countries: rigidly imposed limits on emissions controls entail unnecessary economic costs.