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Over the past decade, the Brazilian government has actively promoted oil palm in the Amazon biome as an alternative biodiesel feedstock to soy. Because of oil palms comparatively high productivity, it places less demand on land than soy and could thereby contribute to reducing pressure on the Amazonian forest. Although oil palm has long been a leading driver of deforestation and social conflict in major producer countries in Southeast Asia, the Brazilian government has put in place a number of mechanisms to ensure oil palm is cultivated sustainably and the sector is inclusive of the rural poor. Through research conducted in Brazils leading palm oil producing state of Pará, this paper analyzes the evolution and dynamics of the Brazilian palm oil value chain and the economic, environmental and social challenges faced by the sector. In so doing, it shows that under the right institutional and regulatory conditions, the palm oil sector can expand sustainably and inclusively within forested ecosystems. This though translates into considerably higher production costs for producers, thus undermining the international competitiveness of the Brazilian palm oil sector.
Concerns about global biodiversity are rising dramatically, yet we are lagging behind in the most basic prerequisite for its understanding and conservation: the inventory. Insect species may make up five or ten times the number of all other plant and animal species combined, and as such they represent one of the major challenges in biosystematic science. World Catalogue of Insects is an initiative aiming at compiling worldscale, authoritative catalogues of monophyletic insect taxa. Volumes in this series contain standard nomenclatoral information on all names pertaining to the taxon treated, including type locality and distribution to the extent this is relevant. Additional information is optional, e.g., location, status and condition of types; biology; bibliographical information; pest status; vector status; etc. This volume nine focuses on Drosophilidae (Diptera). (Series: World Catalogue of Insects)
The time seems ripe for a critical compendium of that segment of the biological universe we call viruses. Virology, as a science, having passed only recently through its descriptive phase of naming and num bering, has probably reached that stage at which relatively few new-truly new-viruses will be discovered. Triggered by the intellectual probes and techniques of molecular biology, genetics, bio chemical cytology, and high resolution microscopy and spec troscopy, the field has experienced a genuine information explosion. Few serious attempts have been made to chronicle these events. This comprehensive series, which will comprise some 6000 pages in a total of about 18 volumes, represents a c...
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First Published in 1988, this five volume set documents the transmission and growth of Arthropod born viruses. Carefully compiled and filled with a vast repertoire of notes, diagrams, and references this book serves as a useful reference for Students of Epidemiology, and other practitioners in their respective fields.
This first published edition of the Catalogue of Arthropod-borne Viruses provides concise and standardized information on 204 viruses provisionally classifies as arboviruses. The published version is a facsimile of the February 1967 version of the ongoing working Catalogue. The working Catalogue is constantly updated and has a limited distribution. Eligible for registration in the Catalogue are vertebrate viruses, published and unpublished, which are biologically transmitted by arthropods. Registrations are voluntarily submitted by working arbovirologists. Information on each virus includes: source and manner of isolation; physical, chemical, and antigenic characteristics; natural and experimental host range; pathogenesis; geographic distribution; and the frequency and symptomatology of human infection.