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The re-entry of mothers in Germany into employment after family-related interruptions
Familie und Erwerbstätigkeit miteinander zu vereinbaren, ist für Mütter in Deutschland noch immer schwierig. Dies zeigt sich insbesondere beim Wiedereinstieg in den Arbeitsmarkt. Dieser variiert zum einen sehr stark mit dem Bildungsniveau, zum anderen spielen gesetzliche Regelungen zu Erziehungszeiten eine entscheidende Rolle. Zudem unterbrechen Frauen in Westdeutschland ihre Erwerbstätigkeit länger als Frauen in Ostdeutschland - auch 20 Jahre nach der Wiedervereinigung. Dies scheint indes weniger der unterschiedlichen Sozialisation geschuldet als unterschiedlichen institutionellen Regelungen. Schließlich hängt der Wiedereinstieg von Müttern nach einer familienbedingten Erwerbsunterbrechung auch von den Charakteristika der angebotenen Stellen ab. Hier zeigt sich: Neben der Entlohnung spielen auch nicht-monetäre Eigenschaften der Arbeitsstelle eine wichtige Rolle - insbesondere solche, die Einfluss auf das individuelle Zeitbudget haben.
Gesundheitliche Ungleichheit
Noch immer gilt: Wer arm, wenig gebildet und beruflich schlecht gestellt ist, wird häufiger krank und muss früher sterben. Wie aber kann dieser Zusammenhang zwischen sozialer Ungleichheit und Gesundheit erklärt werden? Welche Mechanismen und Prozesse liegen dem sozialen Gradienten in der Gesundheit zugrunde? Der Band bietet einen umfassenden Überblick über Theorien, Forschungsergebnisse und Implikationen für Politik und Praxis. Er führt in die aktuelle Diskussion soziologischer und gesundheitswissenschaftlicher Erklärungen gesundheitlicher Ungleichheit ein, stellt innovative empirische Ergebnisse vor, diskutiert methodische Herausforderungen und zeigt Möglichkeiten auf, den Zusammen...
Education as a Lifelong Process
In modernen Wissensgesellschaften ist Bildung die zentrale Voraussetzung sowohl für die demokratische Teilhabe als auch für wirtschaftliches Wachstum und Wohlstand. Eine sich zunehmend rascher wandelnde, globalisierte Welt erfordert die Bewältigung neuer Anforderungen im privaten Leben und in der Berufs- und Arbeitswelt. Um mehr über den Bildungserwerb und seine Folgen für individuelle Lebensverläufe zu erfahren, um zentrale Bildungsprozesse und -verläufe über die gesamte Lebensspanne zu beschreiben und zu analysieren, wird in Deutschland aktuell das Nationale Bildungspanel aufgebaut.
Social dilemmas, institutions, and the evolution of cooperation
The question of how cooperation and social order can evolve from a Hobbesian state of nature of a “war of all against all” has always been at the core of social scientific inquiry. Social dilemmas are the main analytical paradigm used by social scientists to explain competition, cooperation, and conflict in human groups. The formal analysis of social dilemmas allows for identifying the conditions under which cooperation evolves or unravels. This knowledge informs the design of institutions that promote cooperative behavior. Yet to gain practical relevance in policymaking and institutional design, predictions derived from the analysis of social dilemmas must be put to an empirical test. T...
Education Systems and Inequalities
This is the first book to bring together an international roster of contributors to compare different education systems and their effects on social inequality. Starting with basic premises--such as how education systems can be characterized and what distinguishes them--the book goes on to explore those systems' links with social structures, their role in expanding or ameliorating inequality, and the social mechanisms that underlie that role. It will be crucial to future debates on education and policy reform.
Success of University Spin-Offs
Drawing on a database of 107 university spin-offs whose founders participated in structured face-to-face interviews, Manoj A. Gupte analyzes how the management of university spin-offs can overcome the dilemma of resource poverty. He shows that the success of spin-offs can be actively influenced through network activities by accessing critical resources external to the company.
Information Services for a Sustainable Society
The publication seeks to establish how information professionals are providing information services in in a sustainable society in an era of information disorder. It also provides the strategic direction to strengthen the global voice of libraries, inspiring and enhancing professional practice as well as enhancing international cooperation and collaboration among LIS educators and practitioners. The contents is divided according to the following key sub-themes that resonate with the title as outlined below: Library and information services in the information age Data and records in an era of information disorder Archives, data curation and preservation in the digital era Data science, analyt...
American Memories
In the long history of warfare and cultural and ethnic violence, the twentieth century was exceptional for producing institutions charged with seeking accountability or redress for violent offenses and human rights abuses across the globe, often forcing nations to confront the consequences of past atrocities. The Holocaust ended with trials at Nuremberg, apartheid in South Africa concluded with the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, and the Gacaca courts continue to strive for closure in the wake of the Rwandan genocide. Despite this global trend toward accountability, American collective memory appears distinct in that it tends to glorify the nation’s past, celebrating triumphs while el...
Refugees in Higher Education
This edited volume addresses critical issues surrounding higher education access for students of refugee backgrounds. It combines a variety of theoretical and methodological perspectives on the challenges, opportunities, experiences and expectations of refugee students, as well as some of the institutional frameworks that facilitate their access to higher education. Following a critical discussion of the notion of ‘integration’, the team of authors who are made up of academics and refugee students critically investigate higher education as an objective of as well as a means to greater inclusion and integration.
Trust and Rationality
Combining economic, social-psychological and sociological approaches to trust, this book provides a general theoretical framework to causally explain conditional and unconditional trust; it also presents an experimental test of the corresponding integrative model and its predictions. Broadly, it aims at advancing a cognitive turn in trust research by highlighting the importance of (1) an actor ́s context-dependent definition of the situation and (2) the flexible and dynamic degree of rationality involved. In essence, trust is as “multi-faceted” as there are cognitive routes that take us to the choice of a trusting act. Therefore, variable rationality has to be incorporated as an orthogonal dimension to the typological space of trust. The theory presents an analytically tractable model; the empirical test combines trust games, high- and low-incentive conditions, framing manipulations, and psychometric measurements, and is complemented by decision-time analyses.
