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The Role for Deposit Insurance Funds in Dealing with Failing Banks in the European Union
This paper argues that in the European Union (EU) deposit insurance funds are too difficult to use in bank resolution and too easy to use outside resolution. The paper proposes reforms in three areas for the effective management of bank failures of small and medium-sized banks in the European Union: making resolution the norm for dealing with failing banks; establishing a common DIS for the European Union; and increasing funding and backstops for deposit insurance while removing constraints on their use for resolution measures. Without these changes, the European Union will continue to be challenged by banks that are too small for resolution and too large for liquidation.
External Audit Arrangements at Central Banks
This paper takes stock of external audit arrangements at central banks. Its focus is on the annual audit of central bank financial statements, as well as legal and institutional measures that support audit quality and independence. The paper outlines good practices in these areas and provides a summary of actual practices observed based on a review of audited financial statements and central bank legislation. While the audit frameworks for central banks differ depending on their legal and institutional circumstances, central banks’ external audits increasingly follow international standards. Most of them are audited by auditors with international affiliations and embrace modern governance structures that provide for audit oversight. However, the paper also notes that a sizeable number of central banks do not publish the audit results in a timely manner, which leaves room for improvement in transparency practices.
The European Central Bank in the European Constitutional Order
The author provides a thought-provoking account of the role of the European Central Bank (ECB) in the European constitutional order. He briefly outlines the history of the debate on the future of European governance and examines the current constitutional position of the ECB. He then sets out what the application is of general Community law to the ECB, and the current proposals for constitutional change, both in the application of the Treaty of Nice and in the context of the current constitutional European Convention. He concludes by offering an inspiring contribution to the wider constitutional debate. The text of this book provided the basis for a lecture given by the author on accepting the Jean Monnet Chair of the Law of the Economic and Monetary Union at the Faculty of Law of the University of Amsterdam on 4 June 2003.
Hungary
This Technical Assistance report examines Operational Aspects of Establishing an Asset Management Company. In November 2014, the Magyar Nemzeti Bank (MNB) established the Magyar Reorganizációs és Követeléskezelo (MARK), an asset management company. This step was taken to help restore monetary transmission, credit growth, and economic recovery. The MNB has established MARK on a sound foundation: banks’ participation is voluntary, market prices determine valuations, and MARK’s lifetime is 10 years. MARK has a clear, well-defined mandate to focus on maximizing the value of its assets. This is supported by an ambitious return on equity and a valuation methodology based on market prices.
Diplomatic List
Directory of foreign diplomatic officers in Washington.
From Fragmentation to Financial Integration in Europe
From Fragmentation to Financial Integration in Europe is a comprehensive study of the European Union financial system. It provides an overview of the issues central to securing a safer financial system for the European Union and looks at the responses to the global financial crisis, both at the macro level—the pendulum of financial integration and fragmentation—and at the micro level—the institutional reforms that are taking place to address the crisis. The emerging financial sector management infrastructure, including the proposed Single Supervisory Mechanism and other elements of a banking union for the euro area, are also discussed in detail.
A Banking Union for the Euro Area
The SDN elaborates the case for, and the design of, a banking union for the euro area. It discusses the benefits and costs of a banking union, presents a steady state view of the banking union, elaborates difficult transition issues, and briefly discusses broader EU issues. As such, it assesses current plans and provides advice. It is accompanied by three background technical notes that analyze in depth the various elements of the banking union: a single supervisory framework; a single resolution and common safety net; and urgent issues related to repair of weak banks in Europe.
Bulgaria: Financial Sector Assessment Program
This technical note (TN) provides a stocktaking of the current state of the implementation of the key recommendations made by the IMF and the World Bank in their 2015 assessment report on the observance of Basel Core Principles (BCPs) for effective banking supervision in Bulgaria. It provides an overview of the most recent initiatives taken by the Bulgarian National Bank (BNB) to address the shortcomings found in the domestic supervisory regime. It also reflects the regulatory and supervisory framework in place as of the date of the completion of this review.
Strengthening Post-Crisis Fiscal Credibility
Institutions aimed at constraining policy discretion to promote sound fiscal policies are once again at the forefront of the policy debate. Interest in “fiscal councils,” independent watchdogs active in the public debate, has grown rapidly in recent years. This paper presents the first cross-country dataset summarizing key characteristics of fiscal councils among IMF members. The data documents a surge in the number of fiscal councils since the crisis. It also illustrates that well-designed fiscal councils are associated with stronger fiscal performance and better macroeconomic and budgetary forecasts. Key features of effective fiscal councils include operational independence from politics, the provision or public assessment of budgetary forecasts, a strong presence in the public debate, and the monitoring of compliance with fiscal policy rules.
