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Surging Energy Prices in Europe in the Aftermath of the War: How to Support the Vulnerable and Speed Up the Transition Away from Fossil Fuels
We estimate that the recent surge in international fossil fuel prices will raise European households’ cost of living in 2022 by close to 7 percent of consumption on average. Household burdens vary significantly across and within countries, but in most cases they are regressive. Policymakers have mostly responded to the shock with broad-based price-suppressing measures, including subsidies, tax reductions, and price controls. Going forward, the policy emphasis should shift rapidly towards allowing price signals to operate more freely and providing income relief to the vulnerable. The surge in energy prices will encourage energy conservation and investments in renewable energy, but the manyfold rise in natural gas prices could lead to a persistent switch towards coal. To ensure steady progress towards carbon emissions reduction goals, authorities could use the opportunity to strengthen carbon pricing when global fossil fuel prices decline in the future. Non-price incentives for investments in energy efficiency and renewable energy should also be enhanced, as envisaged in the RePowerEU plan.
Blockchain and cryptocurrencies technologies and network structures: applications, implications and beyond
Blockchain technology is bringing together concepts and operations from several fields, including computing, communications networks, cryptography, and has broad implications and consequences thus encompassing a wide variety of domains and issues, including Network Science, computer science, economics, law, geography, etc. The aim of the paper is to provide a synthetic sketch of issues raised by the development of Blockchains and Cryptocurrencies, these issues are mainly presented through the link between on one hand the technological aspects, i.e. involved technologies and networks structures, and on the other hand the issues raised from applications to implications. We believe the link is a two-sided one. The goal is that it may contribute facilitating bridges between research areas.
Has the Phillips Curve Become Steeper?
This paper analyzes whether structural changes in the aftermath of the pandemic have steepened the Phillips curves in advanced economies, reversing the flattening observed in recent decades and reducing the sacrifice ratio associated with disinflation. Particularly, analysis of granular price quote data from the UK indicates that increased digitalization may have raised price flexibility, while de-globalization may have made inflation more responsive to domestic economic conditions again. Using sectoral data from 24 advanced economies in Europe, higher digitalization and lower trade intensity are shown to be associated with steeper Phillips curves. Post-pandemic Phillips curve estimates indicate some steepening in the UK, Spain, Italy and the euro area as a whole, but at magnitudes that are too small to explain the entire surge in inflation in 2021–22, suggesting an important role for outward shifts in the Phillips curve.
Sovereign Risk and Bank Risk-Taking
I propose a dynamic general equilibrium model in which strategic interactions between banks and depositors may lead to endogenous bank fragility and slow recovery from crises. When banks' investment decisions are not contractible, depositors form expectations about bank risk-taking and demand a return on deposits according to their risk. This creates strategic complementarities and possibly multiple equilibria: in response to an increase in funding costs, banks may optimally choose to pursue risky portfolios that undermine their solvency prospects. In a bad equilibrium, high funding costs hinder the accumulation of bank net worth, leading to a persistent drop in investment and output. I brin...
Diplomatic List
Directory of foreign diplomatic officers in Washington.
Goods And Services Tax 2021-22
1. Overview of GST, 2. Important Definitions, 3. Supply under GST, 4. Levy and Collection of Tax, 5. Exemption from GST, 6. Composition Levy, 7. Nature and Place of Supply, 8. Time of Supply, 9. Value of Supply, 10. Input Tax Credit, 11. Registration, 12. Tax Invoice, Credit and Debit Notes, 13. E-Way Bill, 14. Payment of Tax, 15. Return, 16. Job Work, 17. Tax Deduction and Tax Collection at Source, 18. Account, Assessment and Audit, 19. Inspection,Search,Seizure And Arrest, 20. The Integrated Goods and Service Tax Act, 21. Refunds, 22. Anti-Profiteering Measure, 23 Avoidance of Dual Control, 24. Demand and Recovery, 25. Miscellaneous Provisions and Transitional Provisions, 26. Penalties.
GST And Custom Law 2021-22
UNIT - GST 1. Overview of GST, 2. Important Definitions, 3. Supply under GST, 4. Levy and Collection of Tax, 5. Exemption from GST, 6. Composition Levy, 7. Nature and Place of Supply, 8. Time of Supply, 9. Value of Supply, 10. Input Tax Credit, 11. Registration, 12. Tax Invoice, Credit and Debit Notes, 13. E-Way Bill, 14. Payment of Tax, 15. Return, 16. Job Work, 17. Tax Deduction and Tax Collection at Source, 18. Account, Assessment and Audit, 19. Inspection,Search,Seizure And Arrest, 20. The Integrated Goods and Service Tax Act, 21. Refunds, 22. Anti-Profiteering Measure, 23 Avoidance of Dual Control, 24. Demand and Recovery, 25. Miscellaneous Provisions and Transitional Provisions, 26. Penalties. UNIT - II Custom Law 1.Introduction To Custom Duty, 2 .Types of Duties, 3. Valution, 4. Imprt and Export Procedure, 5.Baggage, postal Artical And Stores, 6.Export Promotion Schemes, 7. Custom Duty Authorities, 8. Apeal And Revision, 9. Penalties and Prosecution
Goods And services Tax (GST) And Custom Duty
Goods and Services Tax (GST) 1. Overview of GST, 2. Important Definitions, 3. Supply under GST, 4. Levy and Collection of Tax, 5. Exemption from GST, 6. Composition Levy, 7. Nature and Place of Supply, 8. Time of Supply, 9. Value of Supply, 10 . Input Tax Credit, 11. Registration, 12. Tax Invoice, Credit and Debit Notes, 13. E-Way Bill, 14 . Payment of Tax, 15 . Return, 16. Job Work, 17. Tax Deduction and Tax Collection at Source, 18. Account, Assessment and Audit, 19.Inspection, Search, Seizure and Arrest, 20. The Integrated Goods and Services Tax Act, 21. Refunds, 22. Anti-Profiteering Measure , 23. Avoidance of Dual Control, 24. Demand and Recovery, 25. Miscellaneous Provisions of Transitional Provisions, 26. Penalties. Custom Duty 1. Introduction to Custom Duty, 2 . Types of Duties, 3 . Valuation, 4. Import and Export Procedure, 5. Baggage, Postal Article and Stores, 6. Export Promotion Schemes, 7. Custom Duty Authorities, 8 . Apeal and Revision, 9. Penalties and Prosecution.
Goods And Services Tax (Latest 2021-22) - SBPD Publications
1. Overview of GST, 2. Important Definitions, 3. Supply under GST, 4. Levy and Collection of Tax, 5. Exemption from GST, 6. Composition Levy, 7. Nature and Place of Supply, 8. Time of Supply, 9. Value of Supply, 10. Input Tax Credit, 11. Registration, 12. Tax Invoice, Credit and Debit Notes, 13. E-Way Bill, 14. Payment of Tax, 15. Return, 16. Job Work, 17. Tax Deduction and Tax Collection at Source, 18. Account, Assessment and Audit, 19. Inspection,Search,Seizure And Arrest, 20. The Integrated Goods and Service Tax Act, 21. Refunds, 22. Anti-Profiteering Measure, 23 Avoidance of Dual Control, 24. Demand and Recovery, 25. Miscellaneous Provisions and Transitional Provisions, 26. Penalties.
GST And Customs Law
This book covers the rudiments of Goods and Services Tax, India’s biggest Tax perform since independence. This book is suitable of Commerce Stream in any University.
