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Effects of Macroeconomic Stabilityon Growth, Savings, and Investment in Sub-Saharan Africa
The analysis of this paper indicates that the unsatisfactory overall economic performance of sub-Saharan African countries during 1986–93 was due to inappropriate policies pursued by a number of countries. The countries that have pursued broadly appropriate adjustment policies have performed much better, achieving positive per capita GDP growth. The analysis is supported with an econometric investigation of the effects of macroeconomic policies, structural reforms, and exogenous factors on economic performance. The results indicate that progress in achieving macroeconomic stability and implementing structural reforms have been conducive to better growth, savings, and private investment.
Structural Adjustment, Economic Performance, and Aid Dependency in Tanzania
Tanzania’s adjustment program, which began in the mid-1980s, was accompanied by a sharp increase in the levels of foreign assistance. Previous studies, using published data, have not reflected much improvement in economic performance during the reform period. This paper attempts to shed new light on the relationship between adjustment and aid dependency in Tanzania, by adjusting the macroeconomic database to correct for data deficiencies in several important respects. A subsequent comparison with other sub-Saharan African countries shows that, contrary to traditional interpretation, Tanzania’s increased dependence on foreign assistance did not lead to a deterioration in domestic savings performance. Efficiency of investment, however, has been substantially lower in Tanzania.
The Gambia
This IMF Staff Report for the 2013 Article IV Consultation presents economic development and policies of Tthe Gambia. The IMF report shows that Tthe Gambia’s economy is picking up slowly from the past drought conditions. The Gambian Programme for Accelerated Growth and Employment (PAGE) emphasizes fiscal adjustment, together with infrastructure investment and structural reforms to support inclusive growth. Fiscal adjustment is needed to ease the heavy debt burden, arising mainly from domestic debt. Execution of the PAGE, supported by commitments from development partners, would help reduce poverty, especially in rural areas, given a strong focus on agriculture.
A Rebalancing Act for China and Africa
How does China’s new growth model affect sub-Saharan Africa? To address this question, this paper first looks at the growing ties between China and Africa; attempts to estimate more precisely the impact on growth through the trade channel; and finally draws some policy implications regarding whether this means an end of the Africa Rising narrative or merely the beginning of a new chapter.
Czech Republic
The resilience of the Czech financial system to macroeconomic shocks and structural weaknesses has strengthened considerably as a result of recent reform efforts. Stress tests indicate that the Czech banking system now shows only moderate vulnerability to market and credit risks. To enable more effective monitoring of the activities of integrated firms and markets, coordination and cooperation between supervisory agencies requires strengthening. Regarding the nonbanking sectors, the adoption of the mutual fund model for pension funds would improve transparency, and needs to be implemented as soon as possible.
Seychelles
Seychelles's strong stabilization efforts has helped the economy to overcome debt crisis and global recession under the Stand-By Arrangement (SBA). But the authorities need to address monetary policy trade-offs, and financial sector challenges exist. Executive Directors welcomed Seychelles's structural reform agenda, which aims at enhancing public financial and central bank management, strengthening competition and risk management, and reducing the role of the state in the financial system. Directors appreciated Seychelles's strong performance compliance with performance criteria under the economic program, and extended further financing.
Hungary
This 2002 Article IV Consultation highlights that although economic growth of Hungary slowed in 2001, the economy showed considerable resilience to the weaker external environment. GDP growth was a still respectable 3.8 percent, down from 5.2 percent in 2000 but higher than most other countries in the region. Although export growth decelerated as the year progressed, it nevertheless outpaced growth in Hungary’s export markets. Domestic demand was partly supported by buoyant private consumption on the back of strong real wage gains. Meanwhile, the unemployment rate edged down to 5.6 percent by the start of 2002.
Guinea-Bissau
This paper discusses Guinea-Bissau’s First and Second Reviews Under the Extended Credit Facility (ECF) arrangement, Request for Rephasing of Disbursements, Modification of Performance Criteria, and Financing Assurances Review. All performance criteria for the first and second reviews were met. The IMF staff discussions with the authorities focused on measures to fill the 2016 financing gap that resulted from the loss of budget support and steps to reignite structural reforms. The authorities undertook remedial measures, including declaring the bank bailout operation null and void and measures to address weaknesses in public financial management. The IMF staff supports completion of the first and second reviews under the ECF arrangement and the authorities’ requests for modification of performance criteria and rephasing of disbursements.
