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Well Spent
Drawing on the Fund’s analytical and capacity development work, including Public Investment Management Assessments (PIMAs) carried out in more than 60 countries, the new book Well Spent: How Strong Infrastructure Governance Can End Waste in Public Investment will address how countries can attain quality infrastructure outcomes through better infrastructure governance—an issue becoming increasingly important in the context of the Great Lockdown and its economic consequences. It covers critical issues such as infrastructure investment and Sustainable Development Goals, controlling corruption, managing fiscal risks, integrating planning and budgeting, and identifying best practices in project appraisal and selection. It also covers emerging areas in infrastructure governance, such as maintaining and managing public infrastructure assets and building resilience against climate change.
Unlocking Access to Climate Finance for Pacific Island Countries
This departmental paper provides an in-depth overview of access to climate finance for Pacific Island Countries, evaluating successes and challenges faced by countries and proposes a way forward to unlock access to climate funds.
Cameroon
The report presents a reassessment of fiscal transparency practices in the Republic of Cameroon, in comparison with the principles of the IMF Code of Good Practices on Fiscal Transparency. It is the follow-up to a pilot report prepared by the IMF on transparency in fiscal management. The first part describes current fiscal transparency practices in Cameroon. The second component is the IMF staff commentary on fiscal transparency in the Republic of Cameroon. This report also contains an assessment of transparency in natural resource revenue management.
Senegal
This paper discusses results of a fiscal transparency evaluation (FTE) in Senegal. This evaluation puts forward a number of recommendations that would enable Senegal to continue to improve its fiscal transparency while strengthening the fiscal risk management framework. The recommendations relate to five objectives and are accompanied by an Action Plan. Practical examples have been included in the report to back the various recommendations and facilitate their implementation. The paper also highlights that fiscal reporting practices in Senegal can be improved in light of the IMF’s Fiscal Transparency Code. It has been observed that the fiscal and accounting reforms undertaken in the past few years can be expected to enhance fiscal transparency in the medium term. Project appraisal and selection mechanisms have recently been revamped and there is now more information regarding their feasibility available to the general public. The FTE finds that Senegal is positioned at the average level for countries of similar income and institutional capacity.
Should Advanced Countries Adopt a Fiscal Responsibility Law?
Fiscal Responsibility Laws (FRLs) appear to be more popular in middle-income countries than advanced countries, even though their success is limited. The reasons why few advanced countries have a FRL include: the existing legal framework for the budget system is adequate; supranational rules and political agreements in EU countries; failed attempts to include quantitative fiscal rules in laws; lack of consensus or interest in attaining the goals of FRL-type legislation; and lack of need for a law to regulate fiscal transparency, accountability and macro-fiscal stabilization. Without commitment to fiscal discipline, adoption of a FRL may not contribute to attaining fiscal consolidation goals.
Reinvigorating Growth in Developing Countries
This study examines the links between adjustment policies and growth in a small group of developing countries- Bangladesh, Chile, Ghana, India, Mexico, Morocco, Senegal, and Thailand - during 1970 -93. It provides an overview of the adjustment and growth experience, examines in depth several policy issues of particular interest, and distills the principal policy lessons for the design of adjustment policies.
Estimating Digital Infrastructure Investment Needs to Achieve Universal Broadband
We develop a detailed model to evaluate the necessary investment requirements to achieve affordable universal broadband. The results indicate that approximately $418 billion needs to be mobilized to connect all unconnected citizens globally (targeting 40-50 GB/Month per user with 95 percent reliability). The bulk of additional investment is for emerging market economies (73 percent) and low-income developing countries (24 percent). We also find that if the data consumption level is lowered to 10-20 GB/Month per user, the total cost decreases by up to about half, whereas raising data consumption to 80-100 GB/Month per user leads to a cost increase of roughly 90 percent relative to the baseline. Moreover, a 40 percent cost decrease occurs when varying the peak hour quality of service level from the baseline 95 percent reliability, to only 50 percent reliability. To conclude, broadband policy assessments should be explicit about the quantity of data and the reliability of service provided to users. Failure to do so will lead to inaccurate estimates and, ultimately, to poor broadband policy decisions.
India’s State-Owned Enterprises
India’s recently announced privatization strategy can facilitate a change in the composition of the public sector balance sheet toward high-return public sector investments in infrastructure and human capital where there is a clear role for government, leaving commercially viable companies for the private sector. Against this background, this paper provides a description of the SOE sector in India, consider different criteria which can inform the scope and rationale for privatization. It also highlights takeaways from international experience with privatization, highlights the importance of improved governance and oversight of SOEs and showcases analytical tools that can help analyze risks from SOEs. While this paper focuses on India, the framework for SOEs developed in this paper can be used to evaluate SOEs policy options in other countries.
Colombia
This fiscal transparency evaluation (FTE) report assesses fiscal transparency practices in Colombia against the first three pillars of the IMF’s Fiscal Transparency Code. Fiscal forecasting and budgeting—Pillar II—is the strongest area in Colombia’s FTE. Half of the related indicators are advanced, mostly in the areas of: (1) orderliness of the legislative process and the adequacy of powers and information available to Congress; (2) credibility of economic and fiscal forecasts; and (3) medium-term forecasts and policy orientation. Fiscal reporting—Pillar I—and fiscal risk analysis and management—Pillar III—also reveal clear strengths. Fiscal reporting practices are advanced in terms of the coverage of fiscal institutions in fiscal reports and timeliness of annual financial statements.
