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First published in 2004. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
This book examines how ruling elites manage and manipulate their political opposition in the Middle East. In contrast to discussions of government-opposition relations that focus on how rulers either punish or co-opt opponents, this book focuses on the effect of institutional rules governing the opposition. It argues rules determining who is and is not allowed to participate in the formal political arena affect not only the relationships between opponents and the state, but also between various opposition groups. This affects the dynamics of opposition during prolonged economic crises. It also shapes the informal strategies that ruling elites use toward opponents. The argument is presented using a formal model of government-opposition relations. It is demonstrated in the cases of Egypt under Presidents Nasir, Sadat and Mubarek; Jordan under King Husayn; and Morocco under King Hasan II.
Introducing "Business and Love" - a captivating collection of poems that delves into the intricate and nuanced relationship between two of the most fundamental aspects of the human experience. Through the power of language and imagery, this anthology brings together the works of some of the most talented and celebrated poets of our time, exploring the themes of love, affection, emotional attachment, passion, relationship and their complex interplay with the world of business and commerce, with ambition and success. From the joys of new love to the heartbreak of failed relationships, from the cut-throat world of corporate ambition to the quiet beauty of everyday moments, the poems in this anthology offer a compelling and insightful exploration of the human condition in all its complexity. Whether you are a business professional looking to gain new insights into the dynamics of the corporate world, a poetry enthusiast seeking inspiration and connection, or commoners searching for a reference of the meaning of business and love, "Business and Love" is a must-read. So pick up a copy today and experience the transformative power of poetry for yourself.
Directory of foreign diplomatic officers in Washington.
This third comprehensive chronology of international terrorist attacks covers 2016, during which the Islamic State suffered several battlefield reversals yet continued its operations as the most active, well-financed and well-armed terrorist group worldwide. Domestic and international incidents around the world are covered and several trends are observed. A new format and organization allows readers to quickly access the most up-to-date information and make regional comparisons.
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This book offers a systematic overview of the concepts and practical techniques that readers need to get the most out of their large-scale data mining projects and research studies. It guides them through the data-analytical thinking essential to extract useful information and obtain commercial value from the data. Presenting the outcomes of International Conference on Soft Computing and Data Mining (SCDM-2017), held in Johor, Malaysia on February 6–8, 2018, it provides a well-balanced integration of soft computing and data mining techniques. The two constituents are brought together in various combinations of applications and practices. To thrive in these data-driven ecosystems, researchers, engineers, data analysts, practitioners, and managers must understand the design choice and options of soft computing and data mining techniques, and as such this book is a valuable resource, helping readers solve complex benchmark problems and better appreciate the concepts, tools, and techniques employed.
The assault on Samarra, which was built in the period of the Abbasid caliphate in the ninth century CE, therefore came to represent for many a symbol of the destructive civil conflict which engulfed Iraq following the 2003 US-led invasion. The Shi'a of Samarra explores and analyses the cultural, architectural and political heritage of the Shi'a in both Samarra and the Middle East, thus highlighting how this city functions as a microcosm for the contentious issues and debates which remain at the forefront of efforts to rebuild the modern Iraqi state. Its examination of the socio-political context of the Shi'a/Sunni divide provides important insights for students and researchers working on the history and politics of Iraq and the Middle East, as well as those interested in the art and architecture of the Islamic world.
In Aligning Religious Law and State Law: Negotiating Legal Muslim Marriage in Pasuruan, East Java, Muhammad Latif Fauzi investigates the extent to which the Indonesian state has regulated Muslim marriage, how a local community in Pasuruan, East Java practices and negotiates the regulation and how local officials deal with their practices. Instead of reforming the Marriage Law which would only stir up controversies, the Indonesian government has used a citizens’ rights approach to control marriage and to guide people towards compliance with the state legal framework. In everyday practice of marriage bureaucracy, the state agency in charge of Muslim marriage registration needs to maintain it...
From 1980 until Dr. Bidwell's death in 1994, much of his time was taken up with the writing and compilation of this encyclopaedic work which represents, in the true sense of the word, a unique account of the Arab world from 1798 and a readable assessment of all its aspects. Whereas the classical period is covered in many publications, notably "The Encyclopaedia of Islam", the reader look up assessments and accounts of 14 presidents of modern Syria; all prime ministers of Egypt; the definition and effect of "Resolution 242"; the Istiqlal Party; the Rogers Plan; Saddam Hussein; Dair Yassin; the Agecirus Conference; the Mecca Declaration; the Black September Organization; President Nimeiri; the monarchs of Egypt, Iraq and Libya; King Khalid of Saudi Arabia; Colonel Gaddafi; Nasser; the Battle of Mehran; Count Folke Bernadotte; the massacre of the Mamluks; and President Bourguiba.