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In colonial-era Egypt, a new social category of "modern men" emerged, the efendiyya. Working as bureaucrats, teachers, journalists, free professionals, and public intellectuals, the efendiyya represented the new middle class elite. They were the experts who drafted and carried out the state's modernisation policies, and the makers as well as majority consumers of modern forms of politics and national culture. As simultaneously "authentic" and "modern", they assumed a key political role in the anti-colonial movement and in the building of a modern state both before and after the revolution of 1952. Lucie Ryzova explores where these self-consciously modern men came from, and how they came to b...
In the wake of the Ottoman Empire’s nineteenth-century reforms, as guilds waned and new professions emerged, the scholarly ‘estate’ underwent social differentiation. Some found employment in the state’s new institutions as translators, teachers and editors, whilst others resisted civil servant status. Gradually, the scholar morphed into the public writer. Despite his fledgling status, he catered for the public interest all the more so since new professionals such as doctors, engineers and lawyers endorsed this latest social role as an integral part of their own self-image. This dual preoccupation with self-definition and all things public is the central concern of this book. Focusing...
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Provides detailed overview of Israel's illegal measures to suppress the Palestinian uprising.
From the earliest times, also, many Balkan Muslim soldiers and bureaucrats, as well as scholars and poets, made an impact on the wider Islamic world, the most prominent being Mohammed Ali, the founder of modern Egypt.
Provides a country profile of Indonesia, including politics, the economy, banking, capital markets, insurance, transport, energy, construction and real estate, telecoms and IT, industry, plantations and agriculture, mining, and tourism.
Explores how, why and where an Islamic revival emerged in 1970s Egypt, and why this shift remains relevant today.
This volume provides an authoritative survey of creative writing in Arabic from the mid-nineteenth century to the present day.