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The Control of Municipal Budgets
The first comprehensive analysis of the design and effects of tax and expenditure limitations (TELs), The Control of Municipal Budgetsshows how limitation measures have worked and offers practical guidelines for analyzing and designing such programs under current economic and political conditions. Looking first at the characteristics of different types of TELs, Merriman discusses the various ways in which limitations may be imposed. He next reviews the history and current status of TELs, beginning with control efforts imposed more than a century ago, and comments on the long-range consequences of such measures. He examines conventional government budgeting models (those not governed by TELs) and then develops a model for government behavior under a TEL that will enable decisionmakers and analysts to understand how the effects of a TEL are related to its design. In an analysis of New Jersey's Cap Law, the author applies the analytical model to a concrete instance and presents new evidence on specific effects of TEL programs.
Municipal Budgets
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International Trends in Participatory Budgeting
This book analyses the participatory budgeting practice as it has evolved in evaluated countries, focusing on what is substantially at stake concerning the budget and issues involved, the actual participation, the way such processes are organised and administered, and the outcomes of such processes. It concludes that participatory budgeting in selected European countries is far away from the level of ‘best practice’, but that all experiences are not just trivial pursuits. The information collected serves to check, to what extent participatory budgeting as practiced in the countries involved presents a real attempt to change municipal budgets towards addressing the needs of marginalized g...
Class, Tax, and Power
Offering case studies of financial management in numerous American cities over a period of enormous growth and change, Irene Rubin explores the historical context of municipal budgeting in the United States and the political environment that conditions reform and problem solving at the local level.
Managing an Aging City
Population aging is expected to exert extreme pressure on public budgets. This study investigates the effect of demographic aging on U.S. municipal budgets between 1970 and 2017 using data on municipal finances and mayors' characteristics. Aging increases appetite for consumption-oriented policies, leading to more short-term budgeting. When a municipality's population ages, it substitutes current expenditures for capital spending, shortens its debt maturity, and favors liquid revenues over long-term borrowing. Ultimately, this translates into lower indebtedness and higher property tax revenues. In contrast, its expenditure levels and distribution between policies remain stable as seniors' fi...
Fiscal Rules to Tame the Political Budget Cycle
The paper provides evidence that fiscal rules can limit the political budget cycle. It focuses on the application of the Italian fiscal rule at the sub-national level over the period 2004-2006 and shows that: 1) municipalities are subject to political budget cycles in capital spending; 2) the Italian subnational fiscal rule introduced in 1999 has been enforced by the central government; 3) municipalities subject to the fiscal rule show more limited political budget cycles than municipalities not subject to the rule. In order to identify the effect, we rely on the fact that the domestic fiscal rule does not apply to municipalities below 5,000 inhabitants. We find that the political budget cycle increases real capital spending by about 35 percent on average in the years prior to municipal elections and that the sub-national fiscal rule reduces these figures by about two thirds.
The Municipal Budget Crunch
This book is based on a national literature search focusing on the best practices of cities, of all sizes and geographic locations, intended to maintain public services while holding down taxes. Many public officials have great ideas, but tend to work in a vacuum, so they don't know what other cities are doing. This volume codifies knowledge in this new field for the first time. Every case study included in this book has the city's website listed. This reference work makes it easy for professionals seeking additional information on any and all budget reduction methods that seem to work somewhere.
