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The world's attention to the countries of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region has often been dominated by headline issues: conflict, sanctions, political turmoil, and rising oil prices. Little of this international attention has considered the broad range of development challenges facing this diverse group of countries. Breaking the Barriers reflects the collected thinking of the World Bank's Office of the Chief Economist for the MENA Region on the long-term development challenges facing the region and the reform priorities and strategies for effectively meeting these challenges. It.
This book identifies the differences in growth and development, and the various factors lying behind them, across both Middle East and North African (MENA) and East Asian countries over the 1960‒2020 period. It considers a very wide range of factors, compares initial situations, institutions, and government policies, the dynamic responses to changing circumstances, and discusses the inability of the governments of the MENA region to achieve not only political reform, but also the kinds of economic reform that would allow their citizens to prosper in an increasingly globalized world. The book focuses on Tunisia. Since its independence in 1956 until 2010, Tunisia had considerable success rel...
Articles included in volume explore the issue of poverty around the world, as well as the impact of the global recession on poverty-related issues. Topics covered include poverty's rise and decline in specific countries, such as China, South Asia, Latin America, and the United States. Readers will explore the causes of poverty around the world, and the efforts to end poverty, from foreign aid to rapid growth.
World Development Report 1998-1999, now in its twenty-first edition, focuses on the role of knowledge and information as a factor of development, including the important trade-offs in strategies and policies and many other challenges. It examines such important questions as why have some developing countries been able to exploit the rapidly increasing stock of global knowledge more than others and what can be done to help those falling behind? The Report also looks at the challenge of finding the balance between private initiative and public intervention that encourages innovation and manages attendant risks. It deals with the role of international assistance and international organizations, which can help develop understanding about these complex processes, help to transfer lessons of development experience across countries, and help finance crucial knowledge investments of importance to developing countries. Known as the standard reference for international economic data, the World Development Report 1998-1999 provides a set of Selected World Development Indicators as an appendix, presenting social and economic statistics for more than 200 countries.
Fragile states are often mired in civil conflict. This volume focuses on the relationship between conflict and state stability and illustrates the causes and effects of fragile states on neighbouring countries and the global community.
A guide to the experiences of economic reform since the second World War, and system reform and economic integration across the world in the past decade. The first part of the book examines why only a small number of developing countries have succeeded in their modernization attempts this century. What lessons can be learnt from the successes of the East Asian NIEs and failures of other economies to emulate them? The very different experiences of the transition to market economies in the former socialist countries of Eastern Europe and China is the focus of the next section, with comparisons drawn with the Latin American reform experience, especially in Chile. The effects of economic integration schemes are examined in the final sector, with case-studies of Tunisia and Morocco's Free Trade Agreements with the EU, and of economic integration and the Arab-Israeli peace process.
This volume provides an insightful analysis of the challenges and opportunities facing t he Middle East and North Africa countries in the light of multilateral and regional negotiations. Based on papers by a number of distinguished trade specialists from the region, and presented at the Fourth Mediterranean Development Forum, the volume highlights related tensions and tradeoffs, and proposes some policy directions to maximize on the potential gains from trade and FDI in the context of the new economy.
This volume contains chapters on a range of topics which include economic methodology in macroeconomics, central bank independence, policy signalling, public policy as second best analysis, the determinants of economic growth, a continuum approach to unemployment policy, and pensions. The volume dispels the notion that these are largely unrelated issues and illustrates the merger process which is taking place between hitherto rather separate economic sub-disciplines. They move the focus of attention and challenge received wisdom.