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Renal Disease
“Rule IV. There is need of a method for finding out the truth. Rule V. Method consists entirely in the order and disposition of the objects toward which our mental vision must be directed if we would find out any truth. We shall comply with it exactly if we reduce involved and obscure propositions step be step to those that are s- pler, and then starting with the intuitive apprehension of all those that are absolutely simple, attempt to ascend to the knowledge of all others by precisely similar steps. ” —Rene Descartes, Rules for the Direction of Mind “...Perhaps he would sooner satisfy himself by resolving light into colours as far as may be done by Art, and then by examining the properties of those colours apart, and afterwards by trying the effects of reconjoyning two or more or all of those, and lastly by separating them again to examine what changes that reconjunction had wrought in them. This will prove a tedious and difficult task to do it as it ought to be done but I could not be satisfied till I had gone through it. ” —From Newton’s letter, quoted in The Life of Isaac Newton by Richard Westfall. Cambridge University Press, 1993.
Mechanisms of Physical and Emotional Stress
It has been over 50 years since Hans Selye formulated his concept of stress. This came after the isolation of epinephrine and norepinephrine and after the sympathetic system was associated with Walter Cannon's "fight or flight" response. The intervening years have witnessed a number of dis coveries that have furthered our understanding of the mechanisms of the stress response. The isolation, identification and manufacture of gluco corticoids, the identification and synthesis of ACTH and vasopressin, and the demonstration of hypothalamic regulation of ACTH secretion were pivotal discoveries. The recent identification and synthesis of CRR by Willie Vale and his colleagues gave new impetus to stress research. Several new concepts of stress have developed as a result of advances in bench research. These include the concept of an integrated "stress sys tem", the realization that there are bi-directional effects between stress and the immune system, the suggestion that a number of common psychiatric disorders represent dysregulation of systems responding to stress, and the epidemiologic association of stress with the major scourges of humanity.
Signal Transduction and the Gasotransmitters
Gasotransmitters-principally nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S)-are endogenous signaling molecules that play a significant role in the biomedical, clinical, and health sciences, as well as in population health studies. In Signal Transduction and the Gasotransmitters: NO, CO, and H2S in Biology and Medicine, a panel of distinguished researchers and clinicians review the biological and biomedical aspects of gasotransmitters, emphasizing their signaling transduction mechanisms in general, and ion channel regulation in particular. The authors discuss the endogeneous metabolism and regulation of gasotransmitters, their toxicological profiles and biological actions...
Vascular Endothelium in Health and Disease
In recent years there has been rapid progress in research on vascular endothelium. This has led to significant advances in our understanding of the structure and function of vascular endothelium in health and disease, including such aspects as the permeability of endothelium in relation to its ultrastructural correlates, theoretical basis, regulatory factors, and role in atherogenesis; the interaction between endothelium and blood cells; the endothelial release and processing of a number of important physiological agents, such as eicosanoids, hemostatic factors, and histamine; the cell biology of endothelium with respect to the cytoskeletal apparatus, cell activation, and cell locomotion; an...
Heme Oxygenase in Biology and Medicine
Heme oxygenase is rapidly taking its place as the centerpiece of multiple inter acting metabolic systems. Only 25 years ago heme oxygenase and its metabolic prod ucts appeared to be merely a simple metabolic system-one substrate, heme; one enzyme, heme oxygenase; and one set of products, iron to be recycled, and bilirubin and carbon monoxide to be disposed. From a group of about 25 people in 1974, as judged by attendance at various Gordon conferences, heme oxygenase has, in the year 2000, attracted working scientists-and clinicians I might add-by the hundreds and has produced referenced publications by the thousands. It is well-deserved attention. Heme oxygenase system is now similar to the ...
Molecular Biology of Hemopoiesis
Perhaps no scientific field in recent years has gained in techniques and applications as much as molecular biology, and it is certainly no ex aggeration to·say that among all the applications of molecular biology, hematology in general, and hemopoiesis in particular, have benefited most. Owing to the applications of molecular biology, we now live in a golden era of hemopoiesis. Our understanding of the intricate regulatory system in hemopoiesis has vastly expanded. The potential for future exploration is ever expanding, and finally, the possibility of gene manipulation, has provided the promise of fundamental treatment and "cure" of many genetic disorders involving hemopoietic cells. In the...
Proteases II
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