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The social cost of legal and illegal drugs in Belgium
Alcohol, tobacco, illegal drugs and psychoactive medication (mis)use are associated with a higher likelihood of developing several diseases, (traffic) injuries and crimes. These substances reduce quality of life and increase the health care and law enforcement costs, productivity losses, etc. Consequently, the social and economic impact of substances on society is substantial. The SOCOST study estimates for the first time social costs for alcohol, tobacco, illegal drugs and psychoactive medication in Belgium for the year 2012. This cost-of-illness study presents the direct costs, the indirect cost as well as the intangible costs related to substance (mis)use. This research was commissioned by the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (BELSPO) in the framework of the Federal Research Programme Drugs. Two universities cooperated: Ghent University, Institute for International Research on Criminal Policy (IRCP) and the Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Interuniversity Centre for Health Economics Research (I-CHER). The research was conducted under supervision of prof. dr. Freya Vander Laenen, prof. dr. Koen Putman, prof. dr. Lieven Pauwels, prof. dr. Wim Hardyns and prof. dr. Lieven Annemans.
Mutual admissibility of evidence in criminal matters in the EU (IRCP-series, vol. 53)
Any effort to gather evidence may prove pointless without ensuring its admissibility. Nevertheless, the EU, while developing instruments for smooth gathering of evidence in criminal matters, is not taking much effort to enhance its admissibility. Due to the lack of common rules in this matter, gathering and use of evidence in the EU cross-border context is still governed by the domestic law of the member states concerned. This may lead to situations where, given the differences between legal systems across the EU, evidence collected in one member state will not be admissible in other member states. Due to the fact that the Lisbon Treaty opened the possibility to adopt minimum rules concernin...
Genocide Studies
In recent years, the world has been shaken by numerous events that have caused and continue to cause massive human suffering, from the COVID-19 pandemic to intrastate and interstate armed conflicts. Moreover, climate change continues to plow ahead, contributing to growing tensions, population movements, and resource scarcity. Meanwhile, the methods by which groups and group life are threatened, and the means by which violence is incited and perpetrated, continue to evolve. Such divergent crises, even when they overlap or intersect, confound definition and label. This book seeks not to answer the question "What is genocide?" but rather "What is genocide studies?" When Raphael Lemkin coined the term "genocide" in 1944, he could not have foreseen what the world would look like today. Now is the time to think about current manifestations of genocide and those likely to emerge in the future.
Radicalisation
Radicalisation is a conceptual investigation within Western liberal democratic societies that follows an analytical framework linking expertise theory to discourse analysis of publications from the academic, governmental, and non-governmental spheres, as well as a dozen interviews with experts in the field. The reader will come to understand the socio-political configurations that led to the emergence of radicalisation as an object of study. The book also identifies the historical tensions regarding models, definitions, and operationalisation of the concept of radicalisation in social sciences research. Finally, a new model explaining how the term radicalisation became the central conceptual...
Aanpak van gewelddadige radicalisering (CPS 2017 - 1, nr. 42)
Het huidig maatschappelijk debat wordt overheerst door waaromvragen die peilen naar de oorzaken van radicalisering. Waarom trekken jongeren naar Syrië? Wat trekt jongeren aan in het islamgeïnspireerd extremisme? En wat is die fameuze voedingsbodem die leidt tot terroristische acties? De vraag blijft echter of het fenomeen wel op de juiste manier gevat wordt en of we de juiste vragen stellen. De laatste jaren schieten studies naar het fenomeen radicalisering als paddenstoelen uit de grond. Deze studies focussen echter voornamelijk op de ‘root causes’ van terroristisch gedrag en het proces van radicalisering. Deze uitgave zoomt vooral in op de rol van lokale actoren in de aanpak van het fenomeen. Hoe wordt het fenomeen vandaag op het lokale niveau praktisch en beleidsmatig aangepakt? Kunnen daarin misschien andere accenten gelegd worden?
Criminografische ontwikkelingen III: van (victim)survey tot penitentiaire statistiek
Deze uitgave bundelt voor de derde keer bijdragen op basis van criminografisch materiaal. De deelredactie ‘Criminografie en methodologie’ wil met deze bundel periodiek de laatste ontwikkelingen op het gebied van criminografie presenteren. De verschillende bijdragen worden zoals steeds gerangschikt naar de echelons van de strafrechtsbedeling.
The Dark Social Capital of Religious Radicals
With the departure of European Muslims to the “Islamic State” and a wave of terrorist attacks in Europe in recent years, the questions of why and how individuals radicalize to Jihadi extremism attracted keen interest. This thesis examines how individuals radicalize by applying a theoretical framework that primarily refers to social capital theory, the economics of religion, and social movement theory. The analysis of the biographical backgrounds, pathways of radicalization, and network connections of more than 1,300 Jihadi extremists from Germany, Austria, and Switzerland shows that radicalization primarily need to be considered as a social process of isolation from former social contact...
Female Terrorism in America
This book provides a comprehensive analysis of female terrorism in America, both past and present. The volume takes a fresh look at women’s actions of left-wing political violence, right-wing political violence, and religious extremist violence (among others). It also examines the multitude of roles that women have played over the past few decades in such organizations (including leadership positions and more passive roles)—not to mention the diverse methods of recruitment, radicalization, and propaganda. The objective of this book is to examine—using a wide range of case studies, facts, statistics, and theoretical methodologies—how collective or personal factors have influenced or r...
The Ecology of Violent Extremism
The Ecology of Violent Extremism brings together leading theorists and practitioners to describe an ecological or systems approach to violent extremism. Nothing can be fixed until it is understood. News media keep us alarmed to the close--‐up devastation of acts of terrorism. This book climbs a ladder to get a better view of the problem. What is beneath and beyond violent extremism? How do we respond to the problem of violent extremism in ways that do not fertilize the root causes that fueled it in the first place? While many books offer one or two hypotheses for preventing terrorism, this book gives readers the tools to look at the problem from many different angles. The book offers a “...
The Routledge Companion to Transmedia Studies
Around the globe, people now engage with media content across multiple platforms, following stories, characters, worlds, brands and other information across a spectrum of media channels. This transmedia phenomenon has led to the burgeoning of transmedia studies in media, cultural studies and communication departments across the academy. The Routledge Companion to Transmedia Studies is the definitive volume for scholars and students interested in comprehending all the various aspects of transmediality. This collection, which gathers together original articles by a global roster of contributors from a variety of disciplines, sets out to contextualize, problematize and scrutinize the current status and future directions of transmediality, exploring the industries, arts, practices, cultures, and methodologies of studying convergent media across multiple platforms.
