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International Financial Stability
This new Geneva Report examines the main threats to international financial stability, focusing on the implications of major changes that have occurred in the global financial system in the past two decades.
Managing the Sovereign-Bank Nexus
This paper reviews empirical and theoretical work on the links between banks and their governments (the bank-sovereign nexus). How significant is this nexus? What do we know about it? To what extent is it a source of concern? What is the role of policy intervention? The paper concludes with a review of recent policy proposals.
Fintech and Financial Services
A new wave of technological innovations, often called “fintech,” is accelerating change in the financial sector. What impact might fintech have on financial services, and how should regulation respond? This paper sets out an economic framework for thinking through the channels by which fintech might provide solutions that respond to consumer needs for trust, security, privacy, and better services, change the competitive landscape, and affect regulation. It combines a broad discussion of trends across financial services with a focus on cross-border payments and especially the impact of distributed ledger technology. Overall, the paper finds that boundaries among different types of service providers are blurring; barriers to entry are changing; and improvements in cross-border payments are likely. It argues that regulatory authorities need to balance carefully efficiency and stability trade-offs in the face of rapid changes, and ensure that trust is maintained in an evolving financial system. It also highlights the importance of international cooperation.
Financial stability and transparency
The period since early August 2007 has been one of large-scale turbulence and instability in global financial markets. This report examines the causes of the dislocation of international financial markets, subsequent developments in global financial markets and lessons learnt, as well as the prospects for international action and other developments to promote financial stability and transparency. The unfolding crisis of confidence is important given the particular impact on the United Kingdom through the run on the Northern Rock Bank. The report deals with: changes in financial markets; events leading to the closure of the credit markets; events since August 2007; international action; securitisation markets; credit rating agencies; off-balance sheet vehicles; and heeding the warnings. This last chapter finds that warnings from the Bank of England and the Financial Services Authority on the deteriorating financial situation in 2007 were not taken on board by some banks and building societies.
Cyber Risk and Financial Stability
The ability of attackers to undermine, disrupt and disable information and communication technology systems used by financial institutions is a threat to financial stability and one that requires additional attention.
The First Credit Market Turmoil of the 21st Century
I. Special addresses. Central banks and the financial turmoil / José Manuel González-Páramo. The implications of the credit crisis for public policy / Charles H. Dallara. Where are our leaders? / Kenneth W. Dam. Trust and financial markets / Paola Sapienza -- What happened, where? A view of the U.S. subprime crisis . Robert DiClemente and Kermit Schoenholtz. What has happened in Europe? Monetary policy, lending cycles, banking competition, risk-taking,and regulation / Jesús Saurina. The subprime crisis effects in the rest of the world / Laura E. Kodres -- III. How serious is the damage? Bank failures : the limitations of risk modeling / Patrick Honohan. Comments : how serious is the dama...
The Limits of Meritocracy
We show that too much meritocracy, modeled as accuracy of performance ranking in contests, can be a bad thing: in contests with homogeneous agents, it reduces output and is Pareto inefficient. In contests with sufficiently heterogeneous agents, discouragement and complacency effects further reduce the benefits of meritocracy. Perfect meritocracy may be optimal only for intermediate levels of heterogeneity.
Turkey
This report discusses the findings and recommendations made in the Financial Sector Assessment Program for Turkey in the area of financial system stability. The assessment identified some important priorities for further improvement in the policy framework and in implementation. Steps are recommended to raise the effectiveness of financial supervision, enhance governance arrangements, strengthen systemic risk identification and the coordination of macroprudential policies, lower systemic liquidity risks, and address current gaps in crisis management arrangements. A stronger role for the Financial Stability Committee would support more coordinated and effective systemic risk oversight and management.
Banks’ Maturity Transformation: Risk, Reward, and Policy
The aim of this paper is twofold: first, to study the determinants of banks’ net interest margin with a particular focus on the role of maturity transformation, using a new measure of maturity mismatch; second, to analyse the implications for banks from the relaxation of a binding prudential limit on maturity mismatch, in place in Italy until mid-2000s. The results show that maturity transformation is a relevant driver of the net interest margin, as higher maturity transformation is typically associated with higher net interest margin. However, ‘excessive’ maturity transformation— even without leading to systemic vulnerabilities— increases banks’ interest rate risk exposure and lowers their net interest margin.
The Effects of Higher Bank Capital Requirements on Credit in Peru
This paper offers novel evidence on the impact of raising bank capital requirements in the context of an emerging market: Peru. Using quarterly bank-level data and exploiting the adoption of bank-specific capital buffers, we find that higher capital requirements have a short-lived, negative impact on bank credit in Peru, although this effect becomes statistically insignificant in about half a year. This finding is robust to estimating different specifications to address concerns about the exogeneity of capital requirements. The fact that the reform was gradual and pre-announced and that banks were highly profitable at the time could explain the short-lived effects on credit.
