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Hope and Heresy
Apocalyptic expectations played a key role in defining the horizons of life and expectation in early modern Europe. Hope and Heresy investigates the problematic status of a particular kind of apocalyptic expectation—that of a future felicity on earth before the Last Judgement—within Lutheran confessional culture between approximately 1570 and 1630. Among Lutherans expectations of a future felicity were often considered manifestations of a heresy called chiliasm, because they contravened the pessimistic apocalyptic outlook at the core of confessional identity. However, during the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, individuals raised within Lutheran confessional culture—math...
The Theory and Practice of Discourse Parsing and Summarization
Most discourse researchers assume that full semantic understanding is necessary to derive the discourse structure of texts. This book documents an attempt to construct and use automatic and non-semantic computational structures for text summarization.
The Experimental Fire
A 400-year history of the development of alchemy in England that brings to light the evolution of the practice. In medieval and early modern Europe, the practice of alchemy promised extraordinary physical transformations. Who would not be amazed to see base metals turned into silver and gold, hard iron into soft water, and deadly poison into elixirs that could heal the human body? To defend such claims, alchemists turned to the past, scouring ancient books for evidence of a lost alchemical heritage and seeking to translate their secret language and obscure imagery into replicable, practical effects. Tracing the development of alchemy in England over four hundred years, from the beginning of ...
Cause - Condition - Concession - Contrast
The future of English linguistics as envisaged by the editors of Topics in English Linguistics lies in empirical studies which integrate work in English linguistics into general and theoretical linguistics on the one hand, and comparative linguistics on the other. The TiEL series features volumes that present interesting new data and analyses, and above all fresh approaches that contribute to the overall aim of the series, which is to further outstanding research in English linguistics.
Professional Knowledge Management
This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-proceedings of the Third Conference on Professional Knowledge Management - Experiences and Visions, WM 2005, held in Kaiserslautern, Germany in April 2005. The 82 revised papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from the best contributions to the 15 workshops of the conference. Coverage includes intelligent office appliances, learning software organizations, learner-oriented knowledge management and KM-oriented e-learning.
Topics in Artificial Intelligence
This book presents the refereed proceedings of the 4th Congress of the Italian Association for Artificial Intelligence, AI*IA '95, held in Florence, Italy, in October 1995. The 31 revised full papers and the 12 short presentations contained in the volume were selected from a total of 101 submissions on the basis of a careful reviewing process. The papers are organized in sections on natural language processing, fuzzy systems, machine learning, knowledge representation, automated reasoning, cognitive models, robotics and planning, connectionist models, model-based reasoning, and distributed artificial intelligence.
Language Technologies for the Challenges of the Digital Age
This open access volume constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 27th biennial conference of the German Society for Computational Linguistics and Language Technology, GSCL 2017, held in Berlin, Germany, in September 2017, which focused on language technologies for the digital age. The 16 full papers and 10 short papers included in the proceedings were carefully selected from 36 submissions. Topics covered include text processing of the German language, online media and online content, semantics and reasoning, sentiment analysis, and semantic web description languages.
Lexical Semantics and Knowledge Representation in Multilingual Text Generation
In knowledge-based natural language generation, issues of formal knowledge representation meet with the linguistic problems of choosing the most appropriate verbalization in a particular situation of utterance. Lexical Semantics and Knowledge Representation in Multilingual Text Generation presents a new approach to systematically linking the realms of lexical semantics and knowledge represented in a description logic. For language generation from such abstract representations, lexicalization is taken as the central step: when choosing words that cover the various parts of the content representation, the principal decisions on conveying the intended meaning are made. A preference mechanism is...
Astrology and Reformation
This study explores the integral role of astrological concepts and imagery in preparing the ground for the Reformation, and in shaping the distinctive characteristics of German Christian culture through the early seventeenth century.
Modality and Theory of Mind Elements across Languages
Modality is the way a speaker modifies her declaratives and other speech acts to optimally assess the common ground of knowledge and belief of the addressee with the aim to optimally achieve understanding and an assessment of relevant information exchange. In languages such as German (and other Germanic languages outside of English), this may happen in covert terms. Main categories used for this purpose are modal adverbials ("modal particles") and modal verbs. Epistemic uses of modal verbs (like German sollen) cover evidential (reportative) information simultaneously providing the source of the information. Methodologically, description and explanation rest on Karl Bühler's concept of Origo as well as Roman Jakobson's concept of shifter. Typologically, East Asian languages such as Japanese pursue these semasiological fundaments far more closely than the European languages. In particular, Japanese has to mark the source of a statement in the declarative mode such that the reliability may be assessed by the hearer. The contributions in this collection provide insight into these modal techniques.
