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The Electrocaloric Effect: Materials and Applications reviews the fundamentals of the electrocaloric effect, the most relevant electrocaloric materials, and electrocaloric measurements and device applications. The book introduces the electrocaloric effect, along with modeling and simulations of this effect. Then, it addresses the latest advances in synthesis, characterization and optimization of the most relevant electrocaloric materials, including ferroelectric materials, liquid materials, lead-free materials, polymers and composites. Finally, there is a review of the latest techniques in measurement and applications in refrigeration and cooling and a discussion of the advantages, challenges and perspectives of the future of electrocaloric refrigeration. - Provides a comprehensive introduction to the electrocaloric effect including experimental techniques to measure, model, and simulate the effect - Reviews the most relevant electrocaloric materials such as composites, polymers, metal oxides, ferroelectric materials, and more - Touches on the design and application of electrocaloric materials for devices with potential cooling and refrigeration applications
Since the 1997 Kyoto protocol of reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, the development of novel refrigerators has been a priority within the scientific community. Although magnetocaloric materials are promising candidates, they still need a large magnetic field to induce a giant ΔT as well as powerful and costly magnets. However, in electrocaloric materials (ECMs) a temperature change may be achieved by applying or removing an electric field. Since a giant electrocaloric effect on ferroelectric thin films was reported in Science in 2006, researchers have been inspired to explore such effect in different ferroelectric thin films. This book reviews electrocaloric effects observed in bulk materials as well as recent promising advances in thin films, with special emphasis on the ferroelectric, antiferroelectric and relaxor nature of ECMs. It reports a number of considerations about the future of ECMs as a means of achieving an efficient, ecologically sustainable and low cost refrigerator.
In the beginning, the sole purpose of utilization of the refrigeration was to conserve food (BC 1100). But today in our daily life, refrigeration is one of the necessary areas for the aim of not only food conservation but also comfort, industrial production, electronic equipments' performance, safe and proper operation of telecommunication stations and computer rooms, space studies, etc. The importance and wide application range of the refrigeration require new techniques and researches. In this respect, the scope and topics of the book are: Multistage refrigeration cycle analysis, Electrocaloric cooling method, Food chilling-freezing methods and equipments, CFD modeling of airflow in the display cabinet, Industrial application of refrigeration, Energy-efficient air-conditioning system comparison, Capacity modulation methods for energy-efficient refrigeration.
Low-temperature technologies include the area of refrigeration and cryogenics. Since the beginning of theoretical developments and practical application, these technologies become a part of our life. Low temperatures have found application in almost all branches of industries as well as in households. These systems can be of very small capacity (few watts) up to hundreds of megawatts. In order to develop any of the technologies for successful practical application, very intensive theoretical and experimental research should be conducted. This book provides the reader with a comprehensive overview of the latest developments, perspectives, and feasibility of new low-temperature technologies and improvements of existing systems, equipment, and evaluation methods.
This book explores the phenomenon of total power in East Asia, with particular attention to China, Korea, and Japan. It shows how total power enables an examination of regional experience as a part of global context in order to demarcate the connections with other countries and regions that have similar political cultures, such as those in Central Asia, the Middle East, and East Africa. Moreover, it elucidates that the phenomenon of total power unpacks the interrelations not only between different countries, but also between political, economic, religious, or cultural aspects of the region as a whole, and of each country in particular. This book takes East Asia as a classic example of where ...
Presenting important new evidence indicating a serious government cover-up, this controversial book should make front-page headlines and reopen investigati on into that fatal flight and the responsibility that our government must bear for its role in the tragedy. 30,000 prin t.
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《北冰洋研究學刊》由聊城大學北冰洋研究中心主辦,是國內第一份,也是目前唯一一份關於北冰洋研究的學術集刊。本刊依託聊城大學北冰洋研究中心與阿拉斯加大學人類學系,主要刊發北冰洋國家或地區的考古學、歷史學、人類學、宗教學、民族學及其他領域的研究性文章,同時譯介國外最新研究成果,學術價值重大;同時,本集刊也能夠為國家“一帶一路”建設和參與北極事務提供文化層面的參考,具有重要的現實意義。
Der hier vorliegende Band bietet ein Schriftenverzeichnis des Turkologen, Tungusologen, Altaisten, Religions- und Wissenschaftshistorikers der orientalischen Philologie etc. Michael Knüppel für den Zeitraum 1996-2024. Insgesamt sind in dieser Zusammenstellung 875 Titel erfaßt, womit diese aktualisierte Bibliographie über die vorausgegangenen aus den Jahren 2020 und 2022 deutlich hinausgeht. Zudem sind in den Anhängen Übersichten über Vortrags- und Lehrtätigkeiten etc. gegeben.
Due to many challenges (i.e. climate change, energy, water and land shortage, high demands on food, land grabbing, etc.), agriculture production potential is expected to be seriously affected; thus, increasing food insecurity and hunger in many already affected regions (especially in Africa). In this context, sustainable agriculture is highly recommended as an eco-system approach where soil, water, plants, environment and living organisms live in harmony. Innovative technologies and research should be developed to ensure sustainable agriculture and productivity using modern irrigation systems, improved varieties, improved soil quality, etc. In the meantime, the preservation of natural enviro...