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Life on our planet depends upon having a climate that changes within narrow limits – not too hot for the oceans to boil away nor too cold for the planet to freeze over. Over the past billion years Earth’s average temperature has stayed close to 14-15°C, oscillating between warm greenhouse states and cold icehouse states. We live with variation, but a variation with limits. Paleoclimatology is the science of understanding and explaining those variations, those limits, and the forces that control them. Without that understanding we will not be able to foresee future change accurately as our population grows. Our impact on the planet is now equal to a geological force, such that many geolo...
High pressure biology is an old, fascinating and stimulating field of research. One of the major reasons for the interest in studying high pressure is that this environmental factor also plays an important role in thermodynamics and consequently in biology. Pressure, from a biological perspective, has a bearing on all living creatures. The book pre
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 6th European Conference on Interactive Television, EuroITV 2008, held in Salzburg, Austria, in July 2008. The 42 revised full papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 156 submissions. The contributions cover significant aspects of the interactive television domain including submissions on user studies, technical challenges related to new developments as well as new kind of formats. The papers are organized in topical sections on interactive TV, interactive authoring, personalisation and recommender systems, mobile TV, social TV, new TV environments, iTV architectures and systems, user interfaces and interaction design, user studies, and accessibility.
The application of modern methods in numerical mathematics on problems in chemical engineering is essential for designing, analyzing and running chemical processes and even entire plants. Scientific Computing in Chemical Engineering II gives the state of the art from the point of view of numerical mathematicians as well as that of engineers. The present volume as part of a two-volume edition covers topics such as the simulation of reactive flows, reaction engineering, reaction diffusion problems, and molecular properties. The volume is aimed at scientists, practitioners and graduate students in chemical engineering, industrial engineering and numerical mathematics.
The development of high-order accurate numerical discretization techniques for irregular domains and meshes is often cited as one of the remaining chal lenges facing the field of computational fluid dynamics. In structural me chanics, the advantages of high-order finite element approximation are widely recognized. This is especially true when high-order element approximation is combined with element refinement (h-p refinement). In computational fluid dynamics, high-order discretization methods are infrequently used in the com putation of compressible fluid flow. The hyperbolic nature of the governing equations and the presence of solution discontinuities makes high-order ac curacy difficult ...
This book is dedicated to the discussion of several biomedical applications of the mechanical phenotyping of cells and tissues to specific disease models. The topical chapters on mechanics in disease are preceded by chapters describing cell and tissue structure and their relationship with the biomechanical properties, as well as by the description of dedicated sample preparation methods for the nano- and microscale mechanical measurements.
This handbook, consisting of six volumes, covers over 9000 taxa of succulents (excluding cacti), which have the ability to store water in their stems, leaves, or underground organs. In addition to the volumes on Monocotyledons and Dicotyledons, separate volumes are devoted to those families with predominantly succulent members, which show an especially great diversity, namely Aizoaceae, Asclepiadaceae and Crassulaceae. Following an alphabetical listing of families, genera and species, detailed descriptions are given, including the taxonomy with synonyms, data on the distribution and ecology, references, and keys to genera, species or subspecies. Over 2000 superb colour photographs complete this inventory of succulent plants.
The advent of next-generation sequencing technologies has resulted in a remarkable increase our understanding of human and animal neurological disorders through the identification of disease causing or protective sequence variants. However, in many cases, robust disease models are required to understand how changes at the DNA, RNA or protein level affect neuronal and synaptic function, or key signalling pathways. In turn, these models may enable understanding of key disease processes and the identification of new targets for the medicines of the future. This e-book contains original research papers and reviews that highlight either the impact of next-generation sequencing in the understanding of neurological disorders, or utilise molecular, cellular, and whole-organism models to validate disease-causing or protective sequence variants.