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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common and most severe form of inflammatory arthritis. The pathogenesis of RA has been the subject of intense research for several decades. The prevailing hypotheses have changed over the years, and have attempted to incorporate the most recent data. Although T cells represent an important component of the cells which infiltrate the joint synovium, their contribution at a late stage of the disease remains a matter of debate. The goal of this book is to outline the major arguments and data suggesting that T cells may, or may not, be central players in the pathogenesis of chronic RA. While each of the editors and authors has his/her own bias (as will be clear by reading the respective chapters), our hope is that the readers will enjoy a complete and balanced view of the critical questions and experiments. This is not just an intellectual exercise since the direction of future therapeutic interventions depends heavily on how one interprets the pathogenesis of RA and the contribution of T cells.
The knowledge of Th17 cells and other cell populations which secrete IL-17A, and/or IL-22 has expanded tremendously since the publication of the first edition “Th17 Cells: Role in Inflammation and Autoimmune Disease” in 2008. The present volume has been completely revised with the addition of new chapters on the IL-17 receptor family and signaling, and an in-depth review of IL-22 and innate lymphoid cells. The differentiation of naïve T cells into regulatory T cells and Th17 cells as well as the plasticity of Th17 cells is discussed. The role of IL-22 in cutaneous inflammation including psoriasis has been reviewed. In addition, the volume contains critical updates on autoimmunity, organ transplantation, tumor immunology and genetic mouse models for mechanistic studies. Lastly, the latest clinical progress in neutralizing antibodies to IL-17A, IL-17RA not only confirms the therapeutic promise foreseen in 2008, but also improves our knowledge of the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. In summary, this is a timely update and important review of the clinical and experimental aspects of IL-17, IL-22 and their producing cells.
Central topics covered include curves, surfaces, geodesics, intrinsic geometry, and the Alexandrov global angle comparision theorem Many nontrivial and original problems (some with hints and solutions) Standard theoretical material is combined with more difficult theorems and complex problems, while maintaining a clear distinction between the two levels
Targeted therapies of rheumatic diseases have become a reality and have completely changed patient care as well as patient expectations. Initial success with therapies aimed at blocking TNF and IL-1 has stimulated the development of additional targeted approaches focused on other cytokines as well as specific cells and pathways involved in the path
The IL-17 cytokines represent a novel family of cytokines, which defines a new effector T cell, the Th17 cell, and extend the Th1-Th2 paradigm. Th17 cells in part co-express at least IL-17A and IL-17F, IL-21 and IL-22. IL-17 A/F are produced by T cells ( and ), iNKT cells, and possibly neutrophils, dendritic cells and Paneth cells. The regulation of IL-17 family member’s expression, and the identification of effector mechanisms are an area of intense current research. Recognized regulators of IL-17A expression include the nuclear receptor ROR t, proinflammatory cyt- ines such as IL-1, IL-6 with TGF- , IL-21, IL-23 IL-25 in the absence of IFN- and IL-4, which are discussed. Recent data sugg...
One of the earliest signs of rheumatoid arthritis may be pain in the foot. However, this part of the body is very often neglected during clinical assessment of the illness in favour of the articulations of the upper limbs, knees and hips. Nevertheless, it appears evident that a detailed clinical examination of the forefoot, ankle and heel could be useful in order to get closer to a rheumatological diagnosis. Thanks to blood tests and conventional imaging, completed with a scanner or MRI if needed, every doctor should be in a position to detect the beginning of rheumatoid arthritis in the foot or ankle. As well as its diagnostic contribution, this book broaches the theme of the most recent medicinal treatments, that of orthoses, made-to-measure shoes (the prescription of which practitioners and the rheumatologists often hand over to the orthopaedic surgeons), and finally that of local injections. These elements constitute the main treatment of the rheumatoid foot. Taking care of the ill subject does not necessarily stop there and a surgeon may need to operate on the forefoot, which is more common, or on the mid-foot or the ankle.
Compiling an up-to-date and detailed survey of the role cytokines play in cell-to-cell communication, development, and differentiation, this comprehensive reference highlights the medical advantages of cytokine inhibition and pursues novel methods of discovery for more potent and specific blocking agents. Investigates the pathogenic role of cytokines and the potential of cytokine inhibitors as anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiviral agents! Written by 25 recognized experts revealing recent breakthroughs in research, Cytokine Inhibitors illustrates cases of naturally produced or in vitro engineered polypeptide cytokine blocking agents describes all possible approaches to cytokine inhibitors,...
The aim of our book is to provide a detailed discussion of gene therapy application in human diseases. The book brings together major approaches: (1) Gene therapy in blood and vascular system, (2) Gene therapy in orthopedics, (3) Gene therapy in genitourinary system, (4) Gene therapy in other diseases. This source will make clinicians and researchers comfortable with the potential and problems of gene therapy application.