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Uncertainties in Acoustical Transfer Functions
Measured transfer functions of acoustic systems are often used to derive single-number parameters. The uncertainty analysis is commonly focused on the derived parameters but not on the transfer function as the primary quantity. This thesis presents an approach to assess the uncertainty contributions in these transfer functions by using analytic models. Uncertainties caused by the measurement method are analyzed with a focus on the underlying signal processing. In particular, the influence of nonlinearities in the acoustic measurement chain are modeled to predict artifacts in the measured signals and hence the calculated acoustic transfer function. Secondly, characterization methods commonly ...
Regaining Your Spiritual Poise
Despite the best of intentions, many Christians fail to lead the type of committed spiritual life that they desire. The pace of life and cultural pressures drive them to be over-committed. They lack space and time in their lives to regain their spiritual poise. This book reviews the historical practice of personal spiritual retreat and demonstrates that it has as much applicability to the modern Christian as it has had to countless others over the centuries. Not only is there historical precedent, but biblical as well. Besides presenting the theological arguments for experiencing retreat, the book also gives practical insights into the timing, location, and activities in which to engage while on a personal spiritual retreat. There is also a discussion on how to keep the spirit of retreat alive throughout the year so that ultimately the retreat benefits not only the individual Christian but also the world in which they live.
Crumbs from a Bum
Finding a coherent set of answers to lifes age-old questions can be an onerous undertaking. Yet the questions abound in our culture, and a rational collection of answers is seemingly ungraspable. Commoners have been led to believe that beliefs are irreversibly inconsequential. Youngsters are boldly instructed to merely seek success. Teachers unblushingly preach to students that there is no such thing as truth. With uncountable opinions and beliefs put forth, who ought we to trust? Should we give credence to the preachy words of secularists who do not even have the backbone to adhere to a logically consistent worldview? Are we to trust the pop psychologists who unmindfully and unabashedly byp...
Advances in Fundamental and Applied Research on Spatial Audio
Spatial audio is a dynamic and rapidly evolving field, as it is closely linked to advances in computer technology and digital signal processing. The democratization of virtual reality hardware available as consumer devices has moved the field further out of traditional laboratory research, and directly into applied research targeting a wide range of consumers. Advances in Fundamental and Applied Research on Spatial Audio presents a collection of eight peer-reviewed chapters on this exciting area of research. The contributions are organized into three sections: “Acoustic Methodology”, “Perception”, and “Applications”, and cover a range of topics, addressing both headphone- and loudspeaker-based reproductions, offering both methodological overviews and specific case studies.
Auralization
Auralization is the technique of creation and reproduction of sound on the basis of computer data. With this tool it is possible to predict the character of sound signals which are generated at the source and modified by reinforcement, propagation and transmission in systems such as rooms, buildings, vehicles or other technical devices. This book is organized as a comprehensive collection of the basics of sound and vibration, acoustic modelling, simulation, signal processing and audio reproduction. With some mathematical prerequisites, the readers will be able to follow the main strategy of auralization easily and work out their own implementations of auralization in various fields of application in architectural acoustics, acoustic engineering, sound design and virtual reality. For readers interested in basic research, the technique of auralization may be useful to create sound stimuli for specific investigations in linguistic, medical, neurological and psychological research, and in the field of human-machine interaction.
Combined Wave and Ray Based Room Acoustic Simulations of Small Rooms
The present thesis establishes a complete framework for the combination of finite element and classical ray based acoustic simulations in small rooms and discusses the inherent challenges and limitations including all aspects of sound generation, sound reflection and sound reception. In this context, the thesis gives detailed guidelines for the best-possible determination of all necessary input data for both simulation domains. The overall potential of the presented combined approach is assessed by conducting extensive objective and subjective comparisons of measurement and simulation results for three types of acoustically relevant small spaces (a scale-model reverberation room, a recording studio and two different car passenger compartments).
Modeling the Radiation of Modern Sound Reinforcement Systems in High Resolution
Starting from physical theory, this work develops a novel framework for the acoustic simulation of sound radiation by loudspeakers and sound reinforcement systems. First, a theoretical foundation is derived for the accurate description of simple and multi-way loudspeakers using an advanced point-source ''CDPS'' model that incorporates phase data. The model's practical implementation is presented including measurement requirements and the GLL loudspeaker data format specification. In the second part, larger systems are analyzed such as line arrays where the receiver may be located in the near field of the source. It is shown that any extended line source can be modeled accurately after decomp...
Measurement of Surface Reflection Properties
In this thesis, acoustic measurement techniques related to the absorbing as well as the scattering properties of architectural surfaces are investigated. The research is divided into two parts: the first part consists of determining the most relevant causes of uncertainty for the standardized measurement methods of random-incidence absorption and scattering coefficients. A method is developed to determine the necessary minimum number of source-receiver combinations in the reverberation chamber to ensure a specified precision of the absorption or scattering coefficient. The second part of the thesis focuses on a hemispherical microphone array and signal processing steps related to the measurement of angle-dependent reflection properties. Measurements show that the array setup can be used to obtain the angle-dependent absorbing properties of samples with few source positions. With the help of array signal processing methods, the setup can also be used to determine the directional diffusion and scattering coefficient of small samples, yielding the same result as established far-field methods.
Lead, Kindly Light
Through his prolific and highly regarded writings, Thomas Howard's name is familiar to Protestants and Catholics alike. With grace, charm, and wit, Dr. Howard describes his journey from Evangelicalism to Anglicanism, and finally, to the Church of Rome. In a world saturated with fashionable unbelief, Howard's testimony inspires and informs. This is the personal story of a man's search for spiritual fulfillment that includes a detailed explanation of the factors that led him to his ultimate destination. It is a testimony to the difficulty faced by a life-long, well-known Protestant in taking that final step across the threshold to Catholicism. Howard clearly explains the challenges of learning and accepting some doctrines that were completely new to him, and the reactions one might face from friends and family.
