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Ethnic Identities in Bernard Malamud's Fiction
The present study has been divided into five general chapters each of which is centred around a basic issue related to ethnic identities. This central issue may be more or less specific, largely depending on its nature and on the corpus it comprises: for example, chapter two, which bears the general title "the old country and the New World", is naturally the most extensive because of the great scope of this theme and the number of works it involves, two novels and a considerable number of stories, including the very long "Man in the Drawer. By contrast, the last chapter, entitled "Beyond Race into Myth: Seeking the Liberation of the Self", is logically the shortest because its focus is restricted to a particular function of ethnic identities, metaphorically speaking, in Malamud's fantastic works, the novel "God's Grace" and one short story. Similar proportions between length, complexity of theme and corpus treated are maintained in the three central chapters, which focus on ethnic aspects which are neither as general as chapter two nor as specific as chapter six.
"Lazy, Improvident People"
Since the early modern era, historians and observers of Spain, both within the country and beyond it, have identified a peculiarly Spanish disdain for work, especially manual labor, and have seen it as a primary explanation for that nation's alleged failure to develop like the rest of Europe. In "Lazy, Improvident People," the historian Ruth MacKay examines the origins of this deeply ingrained historical prejudice and cultural stereotype. MacKay finds these origins in the ilustrados, the Enlightenment intellectuals and reformers who rose to prominence in the late eighteenth century. To advance their own, patriotic project of rationalization and progress, they disparaged what had gone before....
The Mirror of Spain, 1500-1700
Spanish national character imposed and exposed
The Military Revolution and the Trajectory of Spain: War, State and Society 1500-1700
I.A.A.Thompson, Emeritus Fellow of the Royal Historical Society, is the author of War and Government in Habsburg Spain, a seminal study of the impact of war on the development of the state in Spain in the 16th and 17th centuries. In this volume he reprints for an English readership ten essays examining the implications for government, the financial system and Spain’s position in Europe of the fundamental changes in the art and practice of war, both on land and at sea, that took place during this period. This “Military Revolution” has been one of the most contentious debates among historians for the last fifty years, but little attention has so far been paid to Spain itself, despite her predominance in Europe for much of the period. These essays are designed to correct that omission, and to assist in a fuller understanding both of the Military Revolution and of the strengths and weaknesses of the Spanish state.
John Gower in England and Iberia
John Gower's great poem, the Confessio Amantis, was the first work of English literature translated into any European language. Occasioned by the existence in Spain of fifteenth-century Portuguese and Spanish manuscripts of the Confessio, the nineteen essays brought together here represent new and original approaches to Gower's role in Anglo-Iberian literary relations. They include major studies of the palaeography of the Iberian manuscripts; of the ownership history of the Portuguese Confessio manuscript; of the glosses of Gowerian manuscripts; and of the manuscript of the Yale Confessio Amantis. Other essays situate the translations amidst Anglo-Spanish relations generally in the fourteent...
Historie zbraní v pravěku a starověku
Bronz nahradil kámen ve zbraních. Historicky se meč vyvinul v době bronzové a vyvinul se z dýky; nejčasnější exempláře se datují k asi 1600 před naším letopočtem. Pozdější meč doby železné zůstal poměrně krátký a bez záštity. Spatha, jak se vyvinula v pozdně římské armádě, se stala předchůdcem evropského meče středověku, který byl nejprve přijat jako, a teprve ve vrcholném středověku, se vyvinul v klasický vyzbrojovací meč s crossguardem. Meče starší doby železné se výrazně lišily od pozdějších ocelových mečů. Byli tvrdší než namáhaní kalení, což je oproti předchozím bronzovým mečům zlepšilo zhruba stejně nebo jen o málo lépe. To znamenalo, že se během používání mohly stále ohýbat z formy. Snazší výroba všaka větší dostupnost suroviny umožnila výrobu ve velkém měřítku.
Historia om vapen och militär teknik sedan starten
Användningen av föremål som vapen har observerats bland schimpanser, vilket ledde till spekulationer om att tidiga hominider använde vapen redan för fem miljoner år sedan. Detta kan dock inte bekräftas med fysiska bevis eftersom träklubbor, spjut och oformade stenar skulle ha lämnat en tvetydig rekord. De tidigaste entydiga vapen som hittades är Schöningens spjut, åtta träkastspjut som går mer än 300 000 år tillbaka. De tidigaste antika vapen var evolutionära förbättringar av sen neolitiska redskap, men betydande förbättringar av material och tillverkningstekniker ledde till en serie revolutioner inom militär teknik. Under bronsåldern uppträdde också de första defen...
Historia av vapen i förhistorien och den antika världen
Brons ersatte sten i vapen. Historiskt utvecklades svärdet under bronsåldern och utvecklades från dolk; de tidigaste exemplen dateras till omkring 1600 f.Kr. Det senare järnålderssvärdet förblev ganska kort och utan korsvakt. Spathaen, som den utvecklades i den sen romerska armén, blev föregångaren för det europeiska medeltidssvärdet, som först antogs som, och endast under högmedeltiden, utvecklades till det klassiska beväpningssvärdet med korsvakt. Tidiga järnålderssvärd skilde sig markant från senare stålsvärd. De var arbetshärdade snarare än släckhärdade, vilket gjorde dem ungefär samma eller bara lite bättre när det gäller styrka och hårdhet mot tidigare bronssvärd. Detta innebar att de fortfarande kunde böjas ur form under användning. Den enklare produktionenoch den större tillgängligheten av råvaran möjliggjorde produktion i mycket större skala.
