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Against the background of the struggle between Christianity and Islam for the control of the Spanish Peninsula, this book examines the internal condition of the Spanish Church in the thirteenth century, its relations with the Christian kings and with a succession of great popes. Concentrating upon Aragon and Castile, the author examines the reaction and resistance of the Church to the reforming decrees of the 1215 Fourth Lateran Council, and illustrates the attempts made by the papacy to wrest control of the Church from the crown. By using hitherto untouched Spanish sources as well as material from the Vatican, Dr Linehan is able to throw new light on economic and social problems, and to challenge effectively the conception that the Spanish Church was wealthy and influential. As well as being important for scholars of medieval Spain, this book provides essential comparative material for all historians of the medieval Church.
In this magisterial work, Joseph O'Callaghan offers a detailed account of the establishment of Alfonso X's legal code, the Libro de las leyes or Siete Partidas, and its applications in the daily life of thirteenth-century Iberia, both within and far beyond the royal courts. O'Callaghan argues that Alfonso X, el Sabio (the Wise), was the Justinian of his age, one of the truly great legal minds of human history. Alfonso X, the Justinian of His Age highlights the struggles the king faced in creating a new, coherent, inclusive, and all-embracing body of law during his reign, O'Callaghan also considers Alfonso X's own understanding of his role as king, lawgiver, and defender of the faith in order to evaluate the impact of his achievement on the administration of justice. Indeed, such was the power and authority of the Alfonsine code that it proved the king's downfall when his son invoked it to challenge his rule. Throughout this soaring legal and historical biography, O'Callaghan reminds us of the long-term impacts of Alfonso X's legal works, not just on Castilian (and later, Iberian) life, but on the administration of justice across the world.
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THIS ORIGINAL FICTIONALIZED STORY IS A DRAMATIC EXPOSE’ of the war on the smuggling of the illegal opioid/fentanyl narcotic crisis in North America. From Venezuela to Canada corrupt government agents interfere with the combined efforts of law enforcement agencies in both Canada, and the USA. Rogue agents of both law enforcement and border control agencies become corrupted by the billions of dollars involved in the drug smuggling operations utilizing cross-border tunnels and innocent rodeo competitors with deadly consequences. Covert operations by the “Drug Enforcement Administration” (DEA) and the “Royal Canadian Mounted Police” (RCMP) involving Afghanistan military special forces veterans of Canada and the United States in explosive black ops confrontations with Mexican drug cartels resulting in deadly fire fight’s, kidnapping, assassinations, and murder.
Of the many books I have read, none has impressed me so much as this one. Its chapters are impressing; the graphic and objective stories about the experience of the author as a correction officer for the state of NY, make him worthy of the most demanding reader, especially, those agents in the service of law and order. The author describes amazing, as well as interesting anecdotes of inmates. They are anecdotes worthy of historical value for their realism and accuracy. These stories will be an excellent material for the scholars of sociology and human behavior. Dorian Polanco I recommend this work to any agent of the law; likewise, to any other reader who will enjoy its descriptive content. ...
The only up-to-date book on the democratically elected president of Venezuela, and the US-assisted attempt...and failure...to depose him.