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Political parties run by entrepreneurs as a means to their own end are a recent phenomenon found in many countries, and their electoral influence has never been greater. This book offers a thorough comparative analysis of such ‘business-firm’ and sometimes oddly memberless parties in Western and East-Central Europe, assessing the considerable corpus of literature on the growing band of political entrepreneurs. The book clearly separates such party enterprises from other, more traditional, political platforms as it contributes to our understanding of the potential of entrepreneurial parties. The authors offer a unique typology based on two characteristics: whether the party receives private financial, media or other investment; and the nature of its membership and territorial structure. Famous examples of entrepreneurial parties, including Silvio Berlusconi’s Forza Italia and Geert Wilders’s Party for Freedom, alongside their lesser-known counterparts, serve in this book as valuable material for conceptual innovation and the investigation into why certain entrepreneurial party types succeed or fail.
Le 23 avril 2017, Jean-Luc Mélenchon rassemblait 19,58% des voix lors du scrutin présidentiel, réalisant le meilleur score d'un candidat situé à la gauche du PS depuis 1969. À quoi tient cette réussite ? Comment expliquer la chute électorale qu'a ensuite connue son mouvement ? La France insoumise peut-elle rebondir en 2022 ? Manuel Cervera-Marzal s'est immergé trois ans durant au sein de ce parti et en aborde ici toutes les facettes (genèse, programme, stratégie, discours, idéologie, fonctionnement interne, base militante, direction et électorat). Au fil de l'enquête, on comprend que, loin de constituer une exception, la France insoumise s'inscrit dans une dynamique internation...
First multi-year cumulation covers six years: 1965-70.
This volume focuses on the latest findings concerning financial environment research and the effects on business. Major topics addressed range from finance-driven globalization, contagion risk transmission, financial sustainability, and bank efficiency, to oil price shocks and spot prices research. Further topics include family business, business valuation, public sector development and business organization in the globalized environment. This book features selected peer-reviewed articles from the 16th EBES conference in Istanbul, where over 270 papers were presented by 478 researchers from 56 countries.
When people discuss politics, they often mention the promises politicians make during election campaigns. Promises raise hopes that positive policy changes are possible, but people are generally skeptical of these promises. Party Mandates and Democracy reveals the extent to and conditions under which governments fulfill party promises during election campaigns. Contrary to conventional wisdom a majority of pledges—sometimes a large majority—are acted upon in most countries, most of the time. The fulfillment of parties’ election pledges is an essential part of the democratic process. This book is the first major, genuinely comparative study of promises across a broad range of countries and elections, including the United States, Canada, nine Western European countries, and Bulgaria. The book thus adds to the body of literature on the variety of outcomes stemming from alternative democratic institutions.
Examines minority governments to show they are not exceptional or unstable.