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Cellular and Phenotypic Plasticity in Cancer
The process of Epithelial-Mesenchymal-Transition (EMT) is known to result in a phenotype change in cells from a proliferative state to a more invasive state. EMT has been reported to drive the metastatic spread of various cancers and has also been associated with drug resistance to cytotoxics and targeted therapeutics. Recently phenotype switching akin to EMT has been reported in non-epithelial cancers such as metastatic melanoma. This process involves changes in EMT-Transcription Factors (EMT-TFs), suggesting that phenotype-switching may be common to several tumour types. It remains unclear as to whether the presence of both Epilthelial-like and Mesenchymal-like cells are a pre-requisite fo...
Cancer Plasticity and the Microenvironment: Implications for Immunity and Therapy Response
Cancer cells can change and adapt, especially within the host environment; a phenomenon known as cancer plasticity. Several factors, including the immune system can influence, and be influenced by, cancer plasticity which in turn can impact upon patient responses to treatment. As such, we currently face several challenges for implementing combination therapies as effective cancer treatment strategies. We have compiled a topic with a number of articles that emphasize the various aspects of cancer plasticity, describing in particular the important role of the tumor microenvironment. As we embark on a new era of precision medicine with multi-modal therapies for improving patient outcomes, this topic highlights some relevant points for consideration that are pertinent to the incorporation and effective use of new treatments as part of cancer treatment regimens, including immune-modulating drugs.
Tetraspanins
Tetraspanin proteins have recently emerged as a new class of modulators of various processes involving cell surface receptors, including cell migration and invasion, host immune responses, cell-cell fusion, and viral infection. The book summarises recent advances in the fields of biology in which the role of tetraspanins have been established and also covers the molecular evolution of the tetraspanin superfamily and structural aspects of the organisation of tetraspanin microdomains.
Advancing Surgical Education
This book is designed for anyone involved in surgical education. While it is intended as a core reference for surgeons who want to develop their surgical education knowledge and practice, it also a valuable resource for anyone undertaking a higher degree in health professions education. Divided into five parts, it starts with chapters on foundational knowledge, exploring the past before documenting the current state of surgical education and highlighting various educational leadership and governance topics. The second part examines a range of theories that inform surgical education – cognitive, behavioural and social, while the third part offers practical guidance on elements of surgical e...
Smooth Muscle Spontaneous Activity
This book presents the commonality and heterogeneity of the mechanisms underlying smooth muscle spontaneous activity in various smooth muscle organs and in addition discusses their malfunctions in disease and their potential as novel therapeutic targets. To facilitate understanding, the volume is divided into five parts and covers 16 organs: airways, gastrointestinal tract (phasic muscle, tonic muscle), renal pelvis, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra, corporal tissue, prostate, uterus, oviducts, seminal vesicle, artery, vein, microvasculature, and lymphatic vessels. This structure will help readers to comprehend the most up-to-date information on the similarities and differences in the contractile mechanisms driving various smooth muscles as well as their potential manipulations in particular visceral organ pathologies. The vast advancements in gene, electrical recording, and imaging technologies in this field are also discussed, with review of past achievements and consideration of likely future developments. This book will be of worldwide interest to clinicians, students, and researchers alike.
Phosphorous Dendrimers in Biology and Nanomedicine
Dendrimers, which are hyperbranched synthetic macromolecules, have attracted researchers’ increasing interest over the last three decades owing to their numerous properties, in particular, in the fields of biology and nanomedicine. This book is an up-to-date collection of the most recent achievements in the use of dendrimers in nanomedicine, exemplified by phosphorus-containing dendrimers. Starting with the synthesis and characterization of phosphorus dendrimers, the book discusses their use as biomaterials, carriers of biological entities, and anti-inflammatory drugs; in bioimaging; and against prion diseases, Alzheimer’s, HIV, and cancer. It compares phosphorus dendrimers with other types of dendrimers. Supplemented with numerous references and abundant illustrations, the book opens new perspectives for the researchers working on dendrimers.
Plant Membrane Biology
Plant cell membranes regulate nutrient uptake, act as receptors for environmental signals, protect the cell against pathogen attack, and catalyze energy-conserving processes in the mitochondria and the chloroplasts. This book contains twenty-three chapters by specialists in various aspects of plant membrane biology, providing a view of new and recent developments in the field that will interest plant physiologists, biochemists, cell biologists, and phytochemists involved in academic or industrial research.
Cell Cycle Regulation
This book is a state-of-the-art summary of the latest achievements in cell cycle control research with an outlook on the effect of these findings on cancer research. The chapters are written by internationally leading experts in the field. They provide an updated view on how the cell cycle is regulated in vivo, and about the involvement of cell cycle regulators in cancer.
