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The Alchemy of Al-Razi
Over a thousand years ago, the Persian physician and chemist Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi presented his students with a book of alchemy instructions called the Kitab al-Asrar or Book of Secrets. For over seven hundred years this systematic text on managing chemicals, equipment, and procedures was copied and imitated throughout Europe. Using historian Julius Ruska's authoritative German translation, this book presents al-Razi's Book of Secrets in English for the first time and analyzes it from the perspective of a modern scientific laboratory. The Kitab al-Asrar offers a view into the understanding of chemistry and procedure organization in the tenth-century Islamic world. Yet a careful reading yields even more than that. As a laboratory manual, it gives intriguing clues into Persian culture under the Abbasid caliphate: the relationship of teacher and student; attitudes toward safety, labor, and quantification; tools and logical problem-solving; commerce and the availability of luxury goods; and the value of the written word. This is the Kitab al-Asrar.
Kentucky Rising
Drawing on primary and secondary sources, this book offers a new synthesis of the sixty years before the Civil War. James A. Ramage and Andrea S. Watkins explore this crucial but often overlooked period, finding that the early years of statehood were an era of great optimism and progress. Ramage and Watkins demonstrate that the eyes of the nation often focused on Kentucky, which was perceived as a leader among the states before the Civil War.--From publisher's description.
Al-Kimia
Al-Kimia-The Mystical Islamic Essence of the Sacred Art Of Alchemy by John Eberly presents a condensed history of Alchemy told through concise biographies of early Sufi Masters. Chapters examine occult areas of alchemical and spiritual interest such as jafr, an exegetical Qur'anic science akin to Hebrew Qabala; the Qiyamat or 'Great Resurrection', of the heretical Ismaili sect; the contrary path of the saintly Malamatiyya or 'blameworthy ones'; Hermetic color theory, and 'hidden' art history. A glossary of transliterated terms is appended that will greatly help the beginner as well as the advanced student of these subjects.
The Making of Mămăligă
Mămăligă, maize porridge or polenta, is a universally consumed dish in Romania and a prominent national symbol. But its unusual history has rarely been told. Alex Drace-Francis surveys the arrival and spread of maize cultivation in Romanian lands from Ottoman times to the eve of the First World War, and also the image of mămăligă in art and popular culture. Drawing on a rich array of sources and with many new findings, Drace-Francis shows how the making of mămăligă has been shaped by global economic forces and overlapping imperial systems of war and trade. The story of maize and mămăligă provides an accessible way to revisit many key questions of Romanian and broader regional history. More generally, the book links the history of production, consumption, and representation. Analyses of recipes, literary and popular depictions, and key vocabulary complete the work.
中世医学から公衆衛生へ
西ヨーロッパの中世の医学は、古代、精神的な影響、およびクロードレヴィシュトラウスが「シャーマニズムの複合体」および「社会的コンセンサス」として特定するものからの既存のアイデアの混合物で構成されていました。中世初期、西ローマ帝国の崩壊後、標準的な医学知識は、主に修道院や他の場所に保存されているギリシャ語とローマ語のテキストの残存に基づいていました。多くの人は、自分のすべての病気を癒すために、単に教会と神に希望を置きました。病気の起源と治癒についての考えは、純粋に世...
Medicinens historie
Medicinens historie viser, hvordan samfund har ændret sig i deres tilgang til sygdom fra gamle tider til nutiden. Tidlige medicinske traditioner inkluderer traditionerne i Babylon, Kina, Egypten og Indien. Indianerne introducerede begreberne medicinsk diagnose, prognose og avanceret medicinsk etik. Den hippokratiske ed blev skrevet i det gamle Grækenland i det 5. århundrede fvt og er en direkte inspiration til embedsed, som læger sværger ved optagelse i erhvervet i dag. I middelalderen blev kirurgiske fremgangsmåder, der blev arvet fra de gamle mestre, forbedret og derefter systematiseret i Rogerius 'The Practice of Surgery. Universiteter begyndte systematisk træning af læger omkring 1220 CE i Italien.
The Works of Geber
This is a new release of the original 1928 edition.
Medisinens historie
Medisinens historie viser hvordan samfunn har endret seg i sin tilnærming til sykdom fra eldgamle tider til i dag. Tidlige medisinske tradisjoner inkluderer de fra Babylon, Kina, Egypt og India. Indianerne introduserte begrepene medisinsk diagnose, prognose og avansert medisinsk etikk. Den Hippokratiske eden ble skrevet i det gamle Hellas på 500-tallet f.Kr., og er en direkte inspirasjon til embedsedler som leger sverger ved inntreden i yrket i dag. I middelalderen ble kirurgiske praksiser som er arvet fra de gamle mestere forbedret og deretter systematisert i Rogerius The Practice of Surgery. Universitetene begynte systematisk opplæring av leger rundt 1220 år i Italia.
The Secrets of Alchemy
Alchemy, the Noble Art, conjures up scenes of mysterious, dimly lit laboratories populated with bearded old men stirring cauldrons. Though the history of alchemy is intricately linked to the history of chemistry, alchemy has nonetheless often been dismissed as the realm of myth and magic, or fraud and pseudoscience. And while its themes and ideas persist in some expected and unexpected places, from the Philosopher's (or Sorcerer's) Stone of Harry Potter to the self-help mantra of transformation, there has not been a serious, accessible, and up-to-date look at the complete history and influence of alchemy until now.
ประวัติศาสตร์การแพทย์
ประวัติความเป็นมาของยาแสดงให้เห็นว่าสังคมได้เปลี่ยนวิธีการของพวกเขาเป็นโรคตั้งแต่สมัยโบราณจนถึงปัจจุบัน ประเพณีทางการแพทย์ยุคแรก ๆ ได้แก่ ประเพณีบาบิโลนจีนอียิปต์และอินเดีย ชาวอินเดียนำแนวคิดของการวินิจฉัยทางการแพทย์การพยากรณ์โรคและจริย...
