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Simulation and Imaging of the Cardiac System
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 448

Simulation and Imaging of the Cardiac System

The ultrasound velocity tomography allows measurement of cardiac geometries for various phases in the cardiac cycle. The present tomograph makes reconstruc tions at intervals of 20 ms. Because of a lack of clear (intramural) landmarks (except the roots of the papillairy muscle), it is difficult to pinpoint spatial trajectories of particular points in the heart. Therefore, a second method was developed of injecting radiopaque markers in the heart and following their motion patterns during the cardiac cycle with help of a biplane X-ray equipment. The data obtained with both methods can be implemented in our finite element model of the heart to compute intramural stresses and strains. The resul...

Physics and Engineering of Medical Imaging
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 1004

Physics and Engineering of Medical Imaging

The NATO Advanced Study Institute (ASI) on Physics and Engineering of Medical Imaging has addressed a subject which in the wide area of biomedical technology is one of those which are showing greater impact in the practice of medicine for the ability to picture both Anatomy and Physiology. The information and accuracy obtained by whatever imaging methodology is a complex result of a multidisciplinary effort of several sciences such as Physics, Engineering, Electronics, Chemistry, Medicine, etc ... Development has occurred through work performed in different environments such as basic and applied research laboratories, industries and clinical centers, with the aim of achieving an efficient tr...

Digital Radiography
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 201

Digital Radiography

Digital radiography is a general term describing any projection radiological system in which the image exists in digital form at some stage between acquisition and viewing. In an earlier form, radiographic films were dig itized in an attempt to enhance and redisplay information of interest. The field has evolved to its current state, in which X-ray signals are detected electronically, converted to digital form, and processed prior to being recorded and displayed. A primary goal of digital radiography is the re moval of interfering effects from secondary structures in an image, so that clinically significant details can be displayed with enhanced visibility. The achievement of this goal invol...

Quantitative Coronary and Left Ventricular Cineangiography
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 473

Quantitative Coronary and Left Ventricular Cineangiography

In recent years there has been an increasing interest in quantitative analysis of coronary cineangiograms and already for a longer time of left ventricular cin eangiograms. The needfor quantitationofcoronary arterialdimensions has been stimulated by the introduction ofnew therapeutic procedures in the catheteriza tionlaboratory, suchas the balloon dilatationtechnique (PTCA) and thromboly tic therapy, by the need to study the vasoactive responses of pharmaceutical agents, and also by the desire to study the progressive nature ofcoronary artery disease with the ultimate goal to find ways to bring a halt to the progression of coronary atherosclerosis or even achieve regression of the disease. P...

Quantitation in Cardiology
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 238

Quantitation in Cardiology

This book comprises the essential records from a Boerhaave course given in June 1971 for specialists in cardiology and other fields of internal medicine interested in the subject of quantitation in cardiology. It is evident that in the wide field of medicine, and particularly in cardiology, there is a growing need for exact and detailed information in conjunction with existing diag nostic methods. This is apparent in the greater precision in anatomical and haemodynamic details required by the thoracic surgeon as the number of available heart operations gradually increases. In retrospect it is hardly surprising that the high initial mortality after the introduction of each operation depended ...

Advances in Noninvasive Cardiology
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 269

Advances in Noninvasive Cardiology

Many noninvasive examination methods of the heart have not held out against the invasive methods, which modern cardiac therapy, surgically or with catheterization, requires. They have disappeared completely or are only used by isolated groups of researchers. However, there is an obvious tendency to apply the invasive procedures as the last diagnostic possibility. In the attempt to select clinically relevant methods, the expert authors of this book demonstrate that echocardiography, expanded with contrast and Doppler, has been developed into one of the most important noninvasive methods. The results with tissue characterization show that the possibilities of this method have not yet been full...

Discrete Mathematical Problems with Medical Applications
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 246

Discrete Mathematical Problems with Medical Applications

This volume presents selected papers from a three-day workshop held during the DIMACS special years on Mathematical Support for Molecular Biology. Participants from the world over attended, giving the workshop an important international component. The study of discrete mathematics and optimization with medical applications is emerging as an important new research area. Significant applications have been found in medical research, for example in radiosurgical treatment planning, virtual endoscopy, and more. This volume presents a substantive cross-section of active research topics ranging from medical imaging to human anatomy modeling, from gamma knife treatment planning to radiation therapy, and from epileptic seizures to DNA screening. This book is an up-to-date resource reflecting current research directions.

Image Sequence Analysis
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 452

Image Sequence Analysis

The processing of image sequences has a broad spectrum of important applica tions including target tracking, robot navigation, bandwidth compression of TV conferencing video signals, studying the motion of biological cells using microcinematography, cloud tracking, and highway traffic monitoring. Image sequence processing involves a large amount of data. However, because of the progress in computer, LSI, and VLSI technologies, we have now reached a stage when many useful processing tasks can be done in a reasonable amount of time. As a result, research and development activities in image sequence analysis have recently been growing at a rapid pace. An IEEE Computer Society Workshop on Comput...

State of the Art in Quantitative Coronary Arteriography
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 393

State of the Art in Quantitative Coronary Arteriography

Over the past twenty years, technical advances in coronary arteriography have contributed to our understanding of the pathophysiologic aspects and natural history of coronary artery disease. Probably more than 700. 000 coronary arterio grams are performed annually throughout the world. Usually, these arteriograms are interpreted visually to determine the morphologic extent and severity of coronary artery disease. These subjective determinations, which are hampered . by relatively large intra- and interobserver variations, are used as a basis for critically important therapeutic decisions: Which arteries are to be revascular ized, which lesions are suitable for coronary bypass surgery or for ...

Quantitative videoangiocardiography
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 212

Quantitative videoangiocardiography

2. Vidicor 3. Anacor 4. Digicor 5. Magnetic Recording of the Videosignal VI. GEOMETRIC MODEL I. Introduction 2. Survey of Models 3. Preparation of Casts 4. Index of Irregularity 5. In Vitro Tests VII. DETECTION OF THE VENTRICULAR CONTOUR I. Introduction 2. Semi-automatic Methods 3. The Influence of the Trained Operator 4. Conclusions VIII. DATA CONVERSION 1. Introduction 2. Light-pen System and Contour Memory 3. Digicor 4. Evaluation Procedure 5. Data Presentation IX. SOFTWARE SYSTEM 1. Introduction 2. Modular Structure 3. Data Conversion 4. Volume Calculation 5. Data Presentation 6. Special Programs X. IN VIVO TESTS 1. Introduction 2. Materials and Methods 3. Results XI. UNCERTAINTY ANALYSI...