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The protection of intellectual property in the People's Republic of China has been of great importance at least since the opening of the market in 1978. Although the first efforts to protect the rights of individuals in the field of copyright were made as early as the Qing Dynasty, it took until the 1990s before a copyright law was finally implemented. While the law is already quite advanced in the books, effective enforcement of rights has faced and continues to face many hurdles. Due to that and also to take account of technological progress and further developments at the international level, China's copyright law has been undergoing a reform process since 2012 which resulted in the 2020 Amendment of the Chinese Copyright Law that takes effect on 1 June 2021. This work focuses on the legal historical development of copyright law in the People's Republic of China with the aim of understanding the current reform of the Copyright Law and the problems China has faced and is facing.
The protection of intellectual property in the People's Republic of China has been of great importance at least since the opening of the market in 1978. Although the first efforts to protect the rights of individuals in the field of copyright were made as early as the Qing Dynasty, it took until the 1990s before a copyright law was finally implemented. While the law is already quite advanced in the books, effective enforcement of rights has faced and continues to face many hurdles. Due to that and also to take account of technological progress and further developments at the international level, China's copyright law has been undergoing a reform process since 2012 which resulted in the 2020 Amendment of the Chinese Copyright Law that takes effect on 1 June 2021. This work focuses on the legal historical development of copyright law in the People's Republic of China with the aim of understanding the current reform of the Copyright Law and the problems China has faced and is facing. Philine-Luise Pulst is a lawyer in the fields of intellectual property law and life sciences with the international law firm CMS in Hamburg.
Biomedical research is increasingly carried out in low- and middle-income countries. International consensus has largely been achieved around the importance of valid consent and protecting research participants from harm. But what are the responsibilities of researchers and funders to share the benefits of their research with research participants and their communities? After setting out the legal, ethical and conceptual frameworks for benefit sharing, this collection analyses seven historical cases to identify the ethical and policy challenges that arise in relation to benefit sharing. A series of recommendations address possible ways forward to achieve justice for research participants in low- and middle-income countries.
This volume addresses the governance and evolution of Canada's international policies, and the challenges facing Canada's international policy relations on multiple fronts.
The Handbook constitutes a global resource for the fast growing interdisciplinary research and policy communities addressing the challenge of driving innovation towards socially desirable outcomes. This book brings together well-known authors from the US, Europe and Asia who develop conceptual and regional perspectives on responsible innovation as well as exploring the prospects for further implementation of responsible innovation in emerging technological practices ranging from agriculture and medicine, to nanotechnology and robotics. The emphasis is on the socio-economic and normative dimensions of innovation including issues of social risk and sustainability.
Not so long ago, class actions were considered to be a textbook example of American exceptionalism; many of their main features were assumed to be incompatible with the culture of the civil law world. However, the tide is changing; while there are now trends in the USA toward limiting or excluding class actions, notorious cases like Dieselgate are moving more and more European jurisdictions to extend the reach of their judicial collective redress mechanisms. For many new fans of class actions, collective redress has become a Holy Grail of sorts, a miraculous tool that will rejuvenate national systems of civil justice and grant them unprecedented power. Still, while the introduction of variou...
This open access book provides original, up-to-date case studies of “ethics dumping” that were largely facilitated by loopholes in the ethics governance of low and middle-income countries. It is instructive even to experienced researchers since it provides a voice to vulnerable populations from the fore mentioned countries. Ensuring the ethical conduct of North-South collaborations in research is a process fraught with difficulties. The background conditions under which such collaborations take place include extreme differentials in available income and power, as well as a past history of colonialism, while differences in culture can add a new layer of complications. In this context, up-to-date case studies of unethical conduct are essential for research ethics training.