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The Origins of the Telescope
The origins of the telescope have been discussed and debated since shortly after the instrument's appearance in The Hague in 1608. Civic and national pride have led local dignitaries, popular writers, and numerous scholars to search the archives and to construct sharply divergent histories. Did the honor of the invention belong to the Dutch, to the Italians, to the English, or to the Spanish? And if the city of Middelburg in the Netherlands was, in fact, the cradle of the instrument, was the "true inventor" Hans Lipperhey or his rival Zacharias Jansen? Or was the instrument there before anyone knew it? Over the past several decades, a group of historians and scientists have sought out new documents, re-examined familiar ones, and tested early lenses and telescopes. This volume contains the proceedings of a symposium held in Middelburg in September 2008 to mark 400 years of the telescope. The essays in it, taken as a whole, present a new and convincing account of the origins of the instrument that changed mankind's vision of the universe.
Relics of Literature
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Bremen als Brennpunkt reformierter Irenik
InBremen als Brennpunkt reformierter Irenik zeigt Leo van Santen anhand der Biografie von Ludwig Crocius (1586-1655), wie dessen irenische Theologie zur Verständigung von Reformierten und Lutheranern nicht so sehr dogmatisch bedingt war, als vielmehr vom Bremer Stadtrat veranlasst wurde, der an guten Beziehungen mit dem lutherischen Umland Interesse hatte. Mit seiner Irenik kollidierte Crocius jedoch, zunächst 1618-1619 als Bremer Delegierter während der Dordrechter Synode, mit der von den calvinistischen Niederlanden geforderten strengen Orthodoxie, die 1636 einen Kirchenstreit verursachte. Die von Santen erstmals ausgewerteten Korrespondenzen, die Crocius aus diesem Anlass und als Prore...
The quarterly review
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The Library of Franeker University in Context, 1585–1843
From 1585 to 1843, the Dutch town Franeker housed the University of Franeker. It had its peak in the seventeenth century and attracted students from Protestant countries throughout Europe. A library was founded right from the start and its collection has been preserved almost entirely. Eleven catalogues were printed in the course of its existence, and as a result the development of the collection can be examined chronologically. The Library of Franeker University in Context, 1585–1843 discusses the relationship with education at Franeker University in detail, and makes a comparison with other similar libraries.
