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Adhesion Problems in the Recycling of Concrete
The building explosion during the years 1945-1960 will inevitably lead to increased demolition in the next decades since the lifetime distribution of structures no longer fulfills its functional social requirements in an acceptable way. In the building period mentioned there was a great increase in reinforced and prestressed concrete construction. Consequently there is now more and more concrete to be demolished. Increasingly severe demands will be made upon demolition technology, including the demand for human- and environment-friendly techniques. On the other hand, the possibility of disposing of debris by dumping is steadily diminishing, especially close to major cities and generally in c...
Problems in Service Life Prediction of Building and Construction Materials
Degradation, the chemical/physical response of building and con struction materials exposed to in-service environments, must be predicted prior to their installation in structures if materials are to be effectively selected, used and maintained. These assessments of materials degradation require that methods be available to aid prediction of service life. The objectives of building materials science are a) to charac terize and categorize materials, b) to predict, preferably in a mathematical sense, material or component response including expected service life, and c) to make improvements in material response through improvements in design, formulation, processing or specification. For build...
Atomistics of Fracture
It is now more than 100 years since certain detrimental effects on the ductility of iron were first associated with the presence of hydrogen. Not only is hydrogen embrittlement still a major industri al problem, but it is safe to say that in a mechanistic sense we still do not know what hydrogen (but not nitrogen or oxygen, for example) does on an atomic scale to induce this degradation. The same applies to other examples of environmentally-induced fracture: what is it about the ubiquitous chloride ion that induces premature catastrophic fracture (stress corrosion cracking) of ordinarily ductile austenitic stainless steels? Why, moreover, are halide ions troublesome but the nitrate or sulfat...
Coherence and Energy Transfer in Glasses
In recent years the physics of disordered systems has been one of the most active and fruitful areas of research in condensed matter science. In contrast to the considerable attention paid by conferences, schools and workshops to the static and structural aspects of glasses, there has been no forum devoted primarily to the dynamic and energetic aspects of amorphous solids. The NATO Workshop on Coherence and Energy Transfer in Glasses was organized to address this deficiency. The intent was to bring together in an intense and interactive environment, experts in several rather disparate subfields relating to the dynamics and energetics of disordered systems. This volume represents the Proceedi...
Electronic Structure and Properties of Hydrogen in Metals
Hydrogen is the smallest impurity atom that can be implanted in a metallic host. Its small mass and strong interaction with the host electrons and nuclei are responsible for many anomalous and interesting solid state effects. In addition, hydrogen in metals gives rise to a number of technological problems such as hydrogen embrittlement, hydrogen storage, radiation hardening, first wall problems associated with nuclear fusion reactors, and degradation of the fuel cladding in fission reactors. Both the fundamental effects and applied problems have stimulated a great deal of inter est in the study of metal hydrogen systems in recent years. This is evident from a growing list of publications as ...
Soot in Combustion Systems and Its Toxic Properties
Our interest in Mulhouse for carbon black and soot began some 30 years ago when J.B. Donnet developed the concept of surface chemistry of carbon and its involvement in interactions with gas, liquid and solid phases. In the late sixties, we began to study soot formation in pyrolytic systems and later on in flames. The idea of organ1z1ng a meeting on soot formation originated some four or five years ago, through discussions among Professor J.B. Howard, Dr. A. D'Alessio and ourselves. At that time the scientific community was becoming aware of the necessity to strictly control soot formation and emission. Being involved in the study of surface properties of carbon black as well as of formation ...
Adhesion in Cellulosic and Wood-Based Composites
Cellulose is a versatile and renewable natural resource which has attracted increasing attention in the last decade, expecially after the energy crisis of 1973. Apart from its extensive use as asolid product, wood is the most important source of cellulose fibres for papermaking and is also widely used as a source of energy. The form and availability ot· the forest provides a great opportunity for technological improvement and innovation in the future to satisfy the foreseeable increasing demand for wood based products. For example, North American sawmills and plywood mills presently recover only about 45 to 55% of logged wood while the remainder is disposed as waste, if it is not used in pu...
Surface Modification and Alloying
This book is an outcome of the NATO institute on surface modification which was held in Trevi, 1981. Surface modification and alloying by ion, electron or laser beams is proving to be one of the most burgeoning areas of materials science. The field covers such diverse areas as integrated circuit processing to fabricating wear and corrosion resistant surfaces on mechanical components. The common scientific questions of interest are the microstructures by the different energy deposition techniques. and associated physical properties produced The chapters constitute a critical review of the various subjects covered at Trevi. Each chapter author took responsibility for the overall review and use...
Hydrometallurgical Process Fundamentals
The mineral resources of the industrialized countries, especially the member nations of the North Atlantic Treaty Organiza tion, are being depleted at such a rate that more and more of these count ries are beginning to depend on ore imported from other coun tries. To sustain the economic and strategie well-being of these member countries, it becomes imperative that a program of developing and exploiting other non-conventional mineral resources and a con servation program where metal values from waste dumps and scrap metals and alloys are recycled must be initiated and implemented. In order to meet this challenge, new processes and technology must be available for consideration in the design ...
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