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The Lost Throne
What happens to a lost child? In THE LOST THRONE, he becomes a pope - to be exact, he becomes Pope Victor III (1086-1087). While the Catholic Church as an official account of Victor III and his origins, rumors persist that he was in fact a Jew. Spun from imagination and a rich detail of 11th century Europe, the author weaves a story of heartache, love, feudal conflict and papal intrigue. The story of Pope Victor III has never been told from this perspective or with such insights. For those who love papal history, THE LOST THRONE is a must read.
Elchanan
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Sermon at the Council of Benevento
In August 1087, a synod was held at Benevento which renewed the excommunication of the Antipope Clement III, the condemnation of lay investiture, proclaimed a crusade against the Saracens in northern Africa, and anathematised Hugh of Lyons and Richard, Abbot of Marseilles. This speech is one of the last public statements he made during his pontificate. Victor appears to frequently reference the Normans, who had recently established themselves in the region politically.
The Trinity of Italy
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Popes and Antipopes: The Politics of Eleventh Century Church Reform
A revolution shook the Christian world in the second half of the eleventh century. Many eminent historians point to Hildebrand, later Gregory VII (1073-1085), as the prime mover of this movement that aspired to free the Church from secular entanglements, and to return it to its state of paleochristian purity. I see the reform from the perspective of much wider developments such as the split between the Greek and the Latin Churches and the Norman infiltration of Southern Italy. Contentrating on the popes and the antipopes I delve into the character and motivations of the important personae, and do not see the movement as a smooth line of progress. I see the outcome as reversal of power of what had been a strong empire and a weak papacy.
Law and Practice in the Age of Reform
Rennie (history, University of Queensland, Brisbane) has combed archives and corrupt printed records in his research on the eleventh century bishop and papal legate, Hugh of Die. Hugh was appointed by Pope Gregory VII in 1073 to administer the decrees concerning reform within the Church. Hugh's duty was to preside at councils in Northern France, particularly concerning issues of clerical marriage, simony, and lay investiture. The records of these councils and other judgments made by Hugh provide a window into concerns in this time of reform in which the popes attempted to wrest control of ecclesiastical property and offices from the local lords. The records also trace the evolution of canon law. Rennie treats both these topics with in-depth research and thoughtful conclusions.
Pope Alexander III (1159–81)
Alexander III was one of the most important popes of the Middle Ages and his papacy (1159-81) marked a significant watershed in the history of the Western Church and society. This book provides a long overdue reassessment of his papacy and his achievements, bringing together thirteen essays which review existing scholarship and present the latest research and new perspectives. Individual chapters cover topics such as Alexander's many contributions to the law of the Church, which had a major impact upon Western society, notably on marriage, his relations with Byzantium, and the extension of papal authority at the peripheries of the West, in Spain, Northern Europe and the Holy Land. But dominant are the major clashes between secular and spiritual authority: the confrontation between Henry II of England and Thomas Becket after which Alexander eventually secured the king's co-operation and the pope's eighteen-year conflict with the German emperor, Frederick I. Both the papacy and the Western Church emerged as stronger institutions from this struggle, largely owing to Alexander's leadership and resilience: he truly mastered the art of survival.
