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Ecological and Environmental Science: A Research Perspective
The book “Ecological and Environmental Science: A Research Perspective” is a compilation of authors' original research papers, scientific articles, review articles, popular articles, general articles, and short notes on forest ecology, wetland ecology, plant ecology, bird ecology, and animal ecology. The book is a perfect amalgamation of burgeoning and thrust topics spanning biodiversity, and conservation and management of floral and faunal elements including ecology and biodiversity of phytoplankton, zooplankton, aquatic macrophytes, mangroves, terrestrial plants, animals (butterflies, reptiles, mammals) and birds. It covers ecological and environmental factors affecting abiotic and bio...
Conserving Sanctity of Nal Sarovar Bird Sanctuary ‘Ramsar Site’ by Community Participatory Approach
Wetlands are amongst the World’s most productive ecosystems and provide a wide array of benefits. They also provide an ecological niche for the growth of rich flora and fauna, and enable the people to derive economic benefits. However, the growing population pressures, vastly changing social processes, and developmental activities have put a heavy toll on wetlands around the world. Especially, after the Ramsar Convention, need for sustainable management of these valuable ecosystems is strongly felt and many positive initiatives are taken during last decade. The Ministry of Environment and Forests & Climate Change (MoEFCC), Government of India have devoted considerable efforts to wetlands a...
Microbes in Indian Buffalo Rumen: A Metagenomics Approach
The present book Microbes in Indian Buffalo Rumen: A Metagenomics Approach will be useful to researchers, who are engaged in research on DNA sequencing of Microbes with diet composition, gut flora, ruminal microbes, and microbial community dynamics of cattle. The book covers not only the rumen metagenomics, but also highlights the salient findings about specifically exploring the microbial community dynamics from Mehsani and Kankrej breeds of buffaloes at different diet treatments, comparing the rumen microbiota at each diet treatments, and identifying the methanogens and their enzymes responsible for methanogenesis at each dietary treatment. The rumen microbiota studied under the different ...
Conservation of Thol Lake Bird Sanctuary (Ramsar Site) and Bhaskarpura Wetland
A Ramsar Site is a wetland site, designated to be of international importance. These wetlands are protected under strict guidelines of the Ramsar Convention on wetlands. It provides national action and international cooperation regarding the conservation of wetlands, and wise sustainable use of their resources. The mission of the Ramsar Convention is “Conservation and wise use of all wetlands through local and national actions and international cooperation, as a contribution towards achieving sustainable development throughout the world”. The Ramsar Convention, signed in 1971 in Ramsar, Iran, is the only global treaty that focuses specifically on wetlands. The Ramsar Convention is an int...
Pollution Status of Coastal Environment of Gulf of Khambhat, India
The aquatic ecosystem is a major subdivision of the biosphere, and covers almost 71% of the earth’s surface area. Coastal ecosystems mainly include estuaries, deltas, lagoons, mangrove forests, mudflats, salt marshes, salt pans, other coastal wetlands, ports and marinas, aquaculture beds, sea grass beds, coral reefs, and soft bottom environments above the continental shelf. Although coastal ecosystems represent only a small area of the world’s oceans, they are of great ecological and economic importance. Now-a-days, many of the coastal ecosystems of the world are being exploited for various development projects, resulting in deterioration of habitats and resources. Therefore, the present...
Eutrophic Status of Narmada and Tapi Tropical Estuaries of Gujarat, India
Estuaries are among the most complex and complicated ecosystems in the biosphere because they are at the interface of terrestrial, freshwater, and marine systems. Estuaries and the lands surrounding them are places of transition from land to sea and from fresh to salt water. Although influenced by the tides, estuaries are protected from the full force of ocean waves, winds, and storms by the reefs, barrier island or fingers of land, mud or sand that define an estuary's seaward boundary. In India, estuaries have been a focal point of activities for human settlement, for development of port and harbors. The health status and the biological diversity of the Indian estuarine ecosystem are deteri...
Plant Biodiversity, Ethnobotany and Anthropogenic Interventions of Western Ghats Forests – Saputara and Purna
Biodiversity most commonly refers to the number and variety of distinct organisms (species) living on the Earth. Biological variety encompasses all life forms on earth including species of plants, animals and microorganisms and the ecosystem and ecological processes. Biodiversity stands for the number, variety and variability of living organisms. Biodiversity areas are featuring outstanding concentrations of species, and experiencing incomparable loss of habitat. It was observed recently that the present 25 hotspots of the world have been raised to 34 hotspots with a new list of 9 new hotspots in the great range of the Himalayas and the island nation of Japan. In general, the 34 important ar...
Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals from Industrial Effluent by Amaranthus viridis L. and Acalypha indica L.
The 21st century is well renowned for wide scale industrialization and urbanization. This progress is global, but it has helped country like India in up-scaling its standards in the technological as well as manufacturing sectors. Due to such immense advancement, the by-products such as heavy metals, due to lack of waste recycling, improper waste disposal and effluent discharge, eventually enter the soil, water and air, and pollute the natural resources. Organic pollutants are biodegradable and have minimal effect on the biotic environment, but the non-biodegradable pollutants are recalcitrant in nature and cause maximum harm to the environment. Heavy metals are categorized as the most toxic ...
Biodiversity, Neutraceutical and Biofertilizer Characters of Seaweeds of Gulf of Kachchh, India
India has contributed significant diversity in coastal and oceanic ecosystems with a cost line of 7500 km. Gujarat is endowed with the longest (1600 km) shoreline, having diverse seaweed flora compared to other states like Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Kerala of West Coast of India. Among two Gulfs of Gujarat, Gulf of Khambhat contributes large amount of water and sediments, and it consists of seven estuaries, whereas, Gulf of Kutch inputs are very less. On 9 September, 2013, Ministry of Environment and Forest (MoEF) declared India's first marine eco-sensitive zone around Marine National Park in Gulf of Kutch, and confirmed 313 sq. km. around the park as an eco-sensitive zone. In spite of lowe...
Response of Cyanobacteria to Herbicides: A Biochemical and Molecular Approach
Cyanobacteria, formerly called blue-green algae, are the most primitive form of algae under plant kingdom. These are called blue-green algae because they contain the photosynthetic pigments-phycocyanin (dominant pigment), phycoerythryin and chlorophyll a, which are responsible for their characteristic blue-green colour. They are known by different names such as, Blue-Green Algae or Cyanobacteria, Schizobacteria or Myxobacteria, Myxophyceae and Cyanophyceae. These are the first plant forms, which got the power of chlorophyll in their thylakoids and started the life supporting process of photosynthesis on the earth. Inoculation of crop plants with nitrogen fixing microbes (in the form of biofe...
